Fluid Dynamics International

Supplier Cham, London. U.K. or Hunstville. AL or Creare.x. Inc. Hanover. NH Fluent Europe. Sheffield. U.K. or Lebanon. NH CFDS AEA Tech.. Oxon. U.K. or Pittsburgh. PA CFDS. AEA Tech.. Oxon. U.K. or Pittsburgh. PA Fluid Dynamics. International. Inc. Evanston. IL. USA... 

Streamlines for turbulent flow in an axi-symmetric turn-around duct. (Reproduced with permission of Fluid Dynamics International)... 

A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics package (FIDAP Version 7.6, Fluid Dynamics International, Evanston, IL) based on the finite element method was used to solve the governing continuity, momentum and heat transport equations. A mesh was defined with more nodes near the wall and the entrance of the tubular heat exchanger to resolve the larger variations of temperature and velocities near the wall and the entrance. 

Fluid Dynamics International (1991) FIDAP Theoretical Manual. 

FIDAP Package, Fluid Dynamics International, Inc., Evanston, IL, USA. 

K. Schuged and co-workers. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bioreactor Fluid Dynamics, British Hydromechanics Research Association, Cranfield, UK, 1988, p. 229. 

In continuum boundary conditions the protein or other macromolecule is treated as a macroscopic body surrounded by a featureless continuum representing the solvent. The internal forces of the protein are described by using the standard force field including the Coulombic interactions in Eq. (6), whereas the forces due to the presence of the continuum solvent are described by solvation tenns derived from macroscopic electrostatics and fluid dynamics. 

P. V, Nielsen. Prospects for computational fluid dynamics in room air contaminant control. In Ventilation 94 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Ventilation for Contaminant Control. Stockholm,. Sweden, 1994,... 

Pareek, V., M.P. Brungs, and A.A. Adesina, Photocausticization of Spent Bayer liquor A Pilot-Scale Study. Advances in Environmental Research, 2003. 7(2) p. 411-420. Bertola, F., M. Vanni, and G. Baldi, Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Multiphase Flow in Bubble Columns. International journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2003. 1 p. A3. 

Shaw, C. T., Using Computational Fluid Dynamics . Prentice Hall International Ltd, Hemel Hempstead (UK) (1992). 

Zukoski, E.E., Fluid dynamics of room fires, in Fire Safety Science, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium, Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1986. 

The operation of fluidized beds is connected to fluid mechanics within the beds (Nicastro and Glicksman, 1984). For example, heat and mass transfer are greatly influenced by the solid and fluid flow patterns, which are in turn affected by the bed geometry and internal configuration. Consequently, a thorough knowledge of fluid dynamics is a prerequisite to the successful design of a commercial unit. 

Coleman,B D., Noll,W. Simple fluids with fading memory, pp. 530-552. In Proc. of the International Symposium on Second-Order Effects in Elasticity, Plasticity, and Fluid Dynamics, Haifa. New York Pergamon Press 1962. 

Kinetic Theory. In the kinetic theory and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, fluid properties are associated with averages of pruperlies of microscopic entities. Density, for example, is the average number of molecules per unit volume, times the mass per molecule. While much of the molecular theory in fluid dynamics aims to interpret processes already adequately described by the continuum approach, additional properties and processes are presented. The distribution of molecular velocities (i.e., how many molecules have each particular velocity), time-dependent adjustments of internal molecular motions, and momentum and energy transfer processes at boundaries are examples. 

Gemmen, R., Rogers, W. and Prinkey, M. (2000b) Application of a computational fluid dynamics code to fuel cells - Integrated SOFC fuel cell and post xxidizer, American Flame Research Committee (AFRC) International Symposium, Newport Beach, CA, USA, September 2000. 

The key reactive separation topics to be addressed in the near future are a proper hydrodynamic modeling for catalytic internals, including residence time distribution account and scale-up methodology. Further studies on the hydrodynamics of catalytic internals are essential for a better understanding of RSP behavior and the availability of optimally designed catalytic column internals for them. In this regard, the methods of computational fluid dynamics appear very helpful. 

Kenig EY, Kloker M, Egorov Y, Menter F, Gorak A. Towards improvement of reactive separation performance using computational fluid dynamics. Proceedings of International Symposium on Multifunctional Reactors (ISMR-2), Nuremberg, 2001. 

Scheuerer G. Solution algorithms and implementations strategies for Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase-flow models. Proceedings of ACFD 2000 International Conference on Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics, Beijing, 2000. 

Grace, J. R., Influence of riser geometry on particle and fluid dynamics in circulating fluidized beds risers, in "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Circulating Fluidized Bed" (M. Kwauk, J. Li, Eds.), May 28-31, Beijing. 

Textbooks include Fletcher (Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, vol. 1 Fundamental and General Techniques, and vol. 2 Specific Techniques for Different Flow Categories, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988), Hirscft (Numerical Computation of Internal and External Flows, vol. 1 Fundamentals of Numerical Discretization, and vol. 2 Computational Methods for Inviscid and Viscous Flows, Wiley New York, 1988), Peyret and Taylor (Computational Methods for Fluid... 

As discussed in Sect. 2.1, physical and mathematical models of ideal chemical reactors are based on two very simplified fluid dynamic assumptions, namely perfect mixing (BR and CSTR) and perfect immiscibility (PFR). On the contrary, in real tank reactors the stirring system produces a complex motion field made out of vortices of different dimensions interacting with the reactor walls and the internal baffles, as schematically shown in Fig. 7.2(a). As a consequence, a complex field of composition and temperature is established inside the reactor. 

In the presence of significant thermal effects, one of the above-mentioned fluid dynamic scale-up criteria must be considered, together with the criterion US/V = constant, which can be made more realistic by considering that heat exchange surface S can be different from SL and by introducing a proper functional relationship for U. If the internal resistance to heat transfer prevails, U may be intended as the internal heat transfer coefficient h, so that the relationship... 

Campbell s series [5] states that many authors recommend, as do I, the O Connell method for hydrocarbons. You may select the two-film method by entering T. The Fractionation Research Institute (FRI) has for more than 30 years used and proven a much more thorough method called the two-film method, which is equally applicable to both fractionators and absorbers [6], The FRI method accounts for the actual tray internal configuration and fluid dynamics, making it far superior to the O Connell method. I have therefore produced a type of two-film method for determining tray efficiency that has been checked to be within 3% accuracy of hundreds of answers calculated with the FRI method. Called the Erwin two-film method, it is recommended for all types of trays and will also calculate the liquid tray residence time in seconds. This method is included in the three tray computer program executable files in the CD accompanying this book. 

Crowley, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag,... 

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