Circulating fluidized beds risers

Patience, G. S., Chaouki, J., Berruti, F., and Wong, R., Scaling Considerations for Circulating Fluidized Bed Risers, Powder Technol., 72, 31 (1992)... 

Louge, M., Lischer, J., and Chang, H., Measurements of Voidage Near the wall of a Circulating Fluidized bed Riser, Powder Tech., 62 269-276 (1990)... 

In circulating fluidized beds two main attrition sources, namely the riser and the return leg, may be distinguished. Although a lot of information is available about solids flow patterns and flow structures inside the circulating fluidized bed risers, no systematic investigations have been found in the open literature on the influence of riser geometry and flow conditions inside the riser on attrition. With respect to attrition occurring in the return leg, the work of Zenz and Kelleher (1980) on attrition due to free fall may be mentioned (cf. Sec. 4.3). 

Rhodes et al. (1991) conducted RTD measurements to study longitudinal solids mixing in a circulating fluidized-bed riser by pulse-injection of a sodium chloride tracer. 

Grace, J. R., Influence of riser geometry on particle and fluid dynamics in circulating fluidized beds risers, in "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Circulating Fluidized Bed" (M. Kwauk, J. Li, Eds.), May 28-31, Beijing. 

Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser. In Fluidization VII. Ed. Potter and Nicklin. New York Engineering Foundation. 

Chen, L., and Weinstein, H. The Radial Pressure Gradient in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser, in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology IV (Amos A. Avidan, ed.), pp. 187-192. Somerset, Pennsylvania (1993). 

Issangya AS, Grace JR, Bai D, Zhu J (2000) Further measurements of flow dynamics in a high-density circulating fluidized bed riser. Powder Technology 111 104-113... 

Zhou, J., Grace, J.R., Lim. C.J., and Brereton, C.M.H., "Particle Velocity Profiles in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser of Square Cross-Section", Chem. Engng. Sci, 50,237 (1995). 

Gas Phase Hydrodynamics in Circulating Fluidized Bed Risers 261 Table 2... 

Berruti F, Chaouki J, Godfroy L, Pugsley TS, Patience GS. Hydrodynamics of circulating fluidized bed risers. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 1995 73 579-602. 

Griffith AF, Louge, MY. The scaling of cluster velocity at the wall of circulating fluidized bed risers. Chemical Engineering Science 1998 53 2475-2477. 

Li D, Ray AK, Ray MB, Zhu J Rotational asymmetry of reactant concentration and its evolution in a circulating fluidized bed riser, Particuology 10 573-581, 2012a. 

Louge M, Lischer J, Chang H. Measurements of voidage near the wall of a circulating fluidized bed riser. Powder Tech 62.269-276, 1990. 

Patience GS, Chaouki J, Berruti F, Wong R. Scaling considerations for circulating fluidized bed risers. Powder Technol 72 31, 1992. 

Rhodes MJ, Wang XS, Cheng H, Hirama T, Gibbs BM. Similar profiles of solids flux in circulating fluidized bed risers. Chem Eng Sci 47(7) 1635, 1992. 

The voidage is the fraction of volume occupied by the gas in a gas-solid suspension. Voidage is a key variable in circulating fluidized bed risers. Several different voi-dages are in common usage ... 

Bi HT, Zhou J, Qin SZ, Grace JR. Annular wall layer thickness in circulating fluidized bed risers. Can J Chem Eng 74 811-814, 1996. 

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