FLOW VISUALISATION

M. D. Mantle, A. J. Sederman, L. F. Gladden 2001, (Single- and two-phase flow in fixed-bed reactors MRI flow visualisation and lattice-Boltzmann simulations), Chem. Eng. Sci. 56, 523. 

Fig.1. Flow-visualisation of molten polyethylenes into a contraction left HDPE (linear) right LDPE (branched). (Courtesy of B Tremblay)...

Bell S D Morris, "Flow Visualisations During Top Venting From Small Vessel", J Loss Prev Process Ind, 5 (3), 160-164,1992... 

Of all these potential applications, a few have been commercially successful (polymer-based photochromic eyewear, novelty items and security printing inks) or demonstrated to be useful (fluid flow visualisation). Several others have shown considerable promise and may very well be utilized in commercial products in the future. 

Figures 27 and 28 show how the combined application of MR imaging and flow visualisation allows us to study the deposition of fines within fixed beds. This is a common problem in reaction engineering. For example, during process...

The choice of MPE tubes for the test section allowed easier measurements and results closer to industrial reality. Further studies should put the stress on the accurate influence of channel geometry and confinement on heat transfer with diabatic flow visualisation and a large variety of channels configurations. 

Suzuki, T., Yanagi, K., Ookawa, K Hatakeyama, K., and Ohshima, N. (1996) Flow visualisation of microcirculation in solid tumor tissues intravital microscopic observation of blood circulation by use of a confocal laser scanning microscope. Front. Med. Biol. Engineer 7, 253-263. 

Research and flow visualisation techniques allow detailed interrogation of mixing patterns and phase distributions in opaque multiphase systems. Recently developed... 

Langrish, T.A.G., Keey, R.B., Kho, P.C.S., and Walker, J.C.F., 1993. Time-dependent flows in arrays of timber boards, flow visualisation, mass-transfer measurements and numerical simulation, Chem. Eng. Sci., 48 2211-2223. 

DEDIGAMA, I., ANGELI, P., AYERS, K., ROBINSON, J., SHEARING, P., TSAOULIDIS, D. BRETT, D. 2014a. In sim diagnostic techniques for characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysers-Flow visualisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39, 4468 82. 

DEDIGAMA, I., ANGELE P., VAN DIJK, N., MILLICHAMP, J., TSAOULIDIS, D., SHEARING, P. R. BRETT, D. J. 2014b. Current density mapping and optical flow visualisation of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyser. Journal of Power Sources, 265, 97-103. 

Richardson MOW, Zhang ZY (2000) Experimental investigation and flow visualisation of the resin transfer mould filling proeess fm nim-woven hemp reinforced phenolic composites. Compos A 31 1303-1310... 

Flow visualisation is one of the main objectives in the WAMIX test-section made of acrylic glass. In the initial phase of the tests, visual observations lead to a qualitative understanding of the developing shear layer. 

Figure 1.10 (a) Batch process for bra cups, (b) Chef s hat. (c) Continuous process, (d) Flow visualisation. 

Comparison of Various Flow Visualisation Techniques in a Gas-Liquid Mixed Tank... 

Various flow visualisation techniques have been utilised to obtain experimental results from local gas hold-ups and bubble size distributions (BSD) in a gas-liquid mixed tank. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA), Capillary suction probe (CSP), High-speed video imaging (HSVI) and Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) techniques have been applied. The applicability of various techniques is dependent on the location of the measurement, the physical properties of the gas-liquid flow, the gas hold-up and the size of the tank. 

The test rig established for this project is shown in Fig. 2. The conveying pipeline is 21.7 m in length with two short sight glasses for flow visualisation. Load cells are used to monitor the amount of the material entering and discharging the conveying pipeline. 

There are many reports in the literature of similar work, in which either qualitative or quantitative evaluation of flow visualisation or heat transfer has been made using chol-... 

Kautchuk und Gummi Kunststoffe 50, No. 10, Oct. 1997, p.728/35 FLOW VISUALISATION IN INTERNAL MIXER USING NEW EXPERIMENTAL ROTORS INCLUDING DIFFERENT ROTOR SPEED RATIOS... 

Direct observation of mixing, so-called flow visualisation was reported by Freakley and Wan Idris [12] he adopted a transparent plastic chamber for a miniature mixer, the Brabender Plastograph, and observed the dynamics of mixing in detail using silicone rubber. Realising that silicone rubber is soft and has a rather unique viscoelasticity, he also examined an oil-extended natural rubber (NR) and an oil-extended, carbon blackfilled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). However, these were mixed in a metal chamber and by monitoring pressure at one location therefore, they were not visualised. 

Although the material behaviour at the feed port can be observed, once the compound enters the screw channel, direct observation is not possible. The flow visualisation is accomplished for thermoplastics, by stopping the screw, cooling the machine and pushing out the screw with the material filling the channel. For a rubber compound the rotation... 

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