Flow-tube technology

Because of the importance of controlling the internal energy of the ions, the ion source is a critical feature of our instrument when used for the study of polyatomic ions. The use of flow-tube technology ensures that the ion energy is well defined. Our flow tube (Schultz and Armentrout, 1991a) can be varied in... 

Another unique development, which significantly reduced the amount of reagent necessary for an assay, is an extension of the continuous-flow analyzer technology called capsule chemistry. The core of die system is a capillary Teflon tube coated on the inside with a thin, flowing film of... 

However, the desire to reduce or even eliminate the required sample preparation has led to the development of newer techniques, such as proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (MS-SIFT IMS). These techniques allow real-time measurements within a single second. This enables analysis of gas composition during technological processes, monitoring of indoor air, and investigation of VOCs emitted by living organisms. 

Selected Developments in Micro-analpical Technology (a) Flow tube... 

An alternative to horizontal tube technology is a pedestal reactor. This design uses a flow directed at a wafer on a heated pedestal (fixed or rotating), as shown in Figure... 

As noted earlier in Sect 8.5.1, SIFT-MS instruments can operate at different conditions of temperature and pressure. For example, most of the Syft Technologies Ltd Voice200 SIFT-MS instruments operate at a flow tube temperature of 110 °C and a carrier gas pressnre of 0.6 Torr. In some reactions where association reactions compete with electron transfer, the product ion peak ratios of association/electron transfer are sensitive to temperature and pressure. For example, the reaction of the terpenoid carvone, with NO+ has product ions of reaction C,(,H,40 and... 

An important aspect of Clark s technology was that the oil being cracked, which flowed through the tubes and in a near vapor state, was maintained in a continually dynamic or turbulent condition. This meant that the coke particles which formed were prevented from... 

Tube Turns, Division of Chemetron Corporation, Bulletin No. T T 725, Flow oJFluids, Chemetron Corpoiation, 1952, and Tube Turn Technologies, Inc. 

Liquid crystals, commonly referred to as the fourth state of matter, are materials which are intermediate in character between the solid and liquid states. Unlike normal isotropic liquids, they show some time-averaged positional orientation of the molecules, but they retain many of the properties of liquids, such as the ability to flow. In recent decades, liquid crystals have played an increasingly important part in our lives. Probably their most familiar application is in the information displays which provide the visual interface with microprocessor-controlled instrumentation. Liquid crystal displays have superseded more traditional display technology, such as light-emitting diodes and cathode ray tubes, for many appliances principally because of the advantages of visual appeal, low power consumption, and their ability to facilitate the miniaturisation of devices into which they are incorporated. They are encoun-... 

Forslund, R. P, and W. M. Rohsenow, 1966, Thermal Non-Equilibrium in Dispersed Flow Film Boiling in a Vertical Tube, MIT Heat Transfer Lab. Rep. 75312-44, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. (4)... 

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