Flow rate schematic diagram

Fig. 5. A schematic phase diagram that illustrates the general dependence of the dynamical behavior of the BZ reaction on acidity and residence time (reactor volume/flow rate). The diagram is a schematic projection of measurements at different bromate, cerium, and malonic acid concentrations onto the acid-residence time plane. Most of the experimental work along path (1) was conducted at Virginia [7,19,20] along paths (2), (3), and (5) at Bordeaux...

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of a UOP Sorbex process. D, E, F, R, and. f represent flow rates for desorbent, extract, feed, raffinate, and net sobds.

The schematic diagram of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 2 and the experimental conditions are shown in Table 2. Each gas was controlled its flow rate by a mass flow controller and supplied to the module at a pressure sli tly higher than the atmospheric pressure. Absorbent solution was suppUed to the module by a circulation pump. A small amount of absorbent solution, which did not permeate the membrane, overflowed and then it was introduced to the upper part of the permeate side. Permeation and returning liquid fell down to the reservoir and it was recycled to the feed side. The dry gas through condenser was discharged from the vacuum pump, and its flow rate was measured by a digital soap-film flow meter. The gas composition was determined by a gas chromatograph (Yanaco, GC-2800, column Porapak Q for CO2 and (N2+O2) analysis, and molecular sieve 5A for N2 and O2 analysis). The performance of the module was calculated by the same procedure reported in our previous paper [1]. 

A thermal plasma system has been developed for the decomposition of methane. A schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. The system consists primarily of D.C. plasma torch, plasma reactor and filter assembly. Plasma was discharged between a tungsten cathode and a copper anode using N2 gas. All the experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure at 6 kW input electric power and N2 flow rate of 10 to 12 1/min. The feed gas (CH4) flow rates were varied from 3 to 15 1/min depending on the operating conditions, shown in Table. 1. 

Figur 9.7 Schematic diagram of a high flow rate interface for direct fluid introduction into a modified chemical ionization source for SFC/MS. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 83. Copyright American Chemical Society).

Another interesting development, in which continuous flow was combined with discrete sample titration, is continuous flow titration by means of flow injection analysis (FIA) according to Ruzicka and co-workers70. Fig. 5.16 shows a schematic diagram of flow injection titration, where P is a peristaltic pump, S the sample injected into the carrier stream of diluent (flow-rate fA), G a gradient chamber of volume V, R the coil into which the titrant is pumped (flow-rate fB), D the detector and W waste. 

Fig. 20. Schematic diagram showing the estimation of the time-average rate of S02 oxidation under periodic flow interruption or reduction employing steady-state oxidation rate vs liquid loading data (Figure from Haure etal., 1989, with permission, 1989, American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)...

Example 10.2 Consider the temperature control of a gas furnace used in heating a process stream. The probable disturbances are in the process stream temperature and flow rate, and the fuel gas flow rate. Draw the schematic diagram of the furnace temperature control system, and show how feedforward, feedback and cascade controls can all be implemented together to handle load changes. 

Figure 5.5 shows a schematic diagram of a melt indexer (which is also sometimes referred to as an extrusion plastometer). To determine the melt flow rate of a polymer resin, we place a suitable mass of it into the barrel, which is pre-heated to a standard temperature appropriate to the polymer. We then place a weighted piston on top of the sample. After allowing the polymer to reach the temperature of the barrel we allow it to extrude from the capillary orifice. The melt flow rate is the mass of polymer in grams that extrudes in ten minutes. 

Recommended limits should be low because all solids in the feedwater will either deposit in the boiler or be earned over with the steam to the turbine. Consequently, water-treatment chemicals must be volatile. All cycles should have condensate-polishing systems to meet the limits show ll in Table 3. A schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 11. Laboratory tests as well as field studies show that high-flow-rate condensate-polishing systems 25 to 50 gal per min per sq ft (1015-2030 liters/minute/square meter) of cross-sectional bed area] perform as filters of suspended material and ionized particles. Ammonia is added to control the pH in die system. Fig. 12 indicates the amount of ammonia required, in terms of ppm or solution conductivity, to give a certain pH in the system. Hydrazine is added to the cycle for oxygen scavenging. 

Figure 6.18 shows the schematic diagram of a countercurrent absorption column with the molar flow rates shown symbolically at each of its N trays. 

Fig. 11.12. Schematic diagram of a column-switching HPLC system. V-l, V-2, and V-3 switching valves. The position of °—c means position 1, and ° ° is position 2. P-1 and P-2 pumping system at 0.2 mL min-1 flow rate. Detector electrochemical detector with diamond electrodes. Column-1 and Column-2 Inertsil ODS-3. Loop 500 pL. A Mobile phase of 60% methanol-water containing 0.5% phosphoric acid.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup. The test section is a horizontal rectangular channel 40 mm in height (H), 160 mm in width (W), and 6,000 mm in length (L). The rectangular channel is completely constructed of transparent acrylic resin, as shown in Figure 2. Tap water and air are used as the gas and liquid phases, respectively. Water is circulated by a 2.2 kW pump fed by a water reservoir 4.2 m away. Air bubbles are injected into the horizontal channel from the upper inner surface of the channel. An array of capillary needles produces bubbles 10-100 mm in length. Before the air and water are mixed, their volumetric flow rates are measured. After leaving the horizontal channel, the gas-liquid mixture is dumped into a tank that acts as a bubble remover when the liquid phase is recirculated it is free of bubbles. At the end of the horizontal channel tracer particles are added to the water to act as ultrasound reflectors. The mean particle diameter is 200 pm and the particle density is 1020 kg/m3. These tracer particles are assumed to...

Figure 4.7 is a schematic diagram of a well-mixed open-circuit grinding mill. Here a powder is fed to a grinding mill with a volume V. The outlet flow rate Q is equal to the inlet flow rate Qp at stea state. The mean retention time, t, is the ratio of the mill volume to the flow rate (i.e., T = V/Q). We have two options to attack this problem. The first is to directly use the population balance ... 

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