Liters per minute

Flow = (iapacity = Q Lit]uid volume measured in gallons per minute (gpm) or liters per minute, cubic meters per hour, or some other rate. 

Fig. 10 shows the curves for the canister weight and the amount of vapor removed for the example canister during a purge event. In this case, the canister is being purged with an air stream flowing at a rate of about 22.6 liters per minute for a total of 15 minutes. The curves show that the n-butane desorption rate is initially quite rapid, and then it levels out at a lower rate. 

Press the button on the electronic bubble meter. Visually capture a single bubble and electronically time the bubble. The accompanying printer will automatically record the calibration reading in liters per minute. 

The choice of absorbing solution, the strength (normality or pH) of the solution, the sampling rate (generally 1 to 3 liters per minute), and the size of the bottle (20 cc, 50 cc, or 125 cc), are some of the variables which must be considered in using bubblers. 

Charcoal Tubes Reference has been made earlier to adsorption, which is the property of some solid materials, such as activated charcoal, to physically retain solvent vapors on their surfaces. In environmental health testing, the adsorbed vapors are removed, generally with a solvent, in a laboratory. The solvent is then analyzed by physical methods (gas chromatography, etc.) to determine the individual compounds whose vapors, such as benzene, were present in the sampled air. Industrial atmospheric samples can be collected in small glass tubes (4 mm ID) packed with two sections of activated charcoal, separated and retained with fiberglass plugs. To obtain an air sample, the sealed ends of the tube are broken off, and air is drawn through the charcoal at the rate of 1 liter per minute by means... 

The sampling rate must be maintained at 1 liter per minute. Sampling at a higher rate may elutriate the solvent vapors from the first section, in which case they may be adsorbed in, or even elutriated from, the second section. 

The medium was contained in a 100 liter stainless steel baffled fermenter, agitated by a TA inch vaned disc impeller at 140 rpm. Sterile air was supplied at 75 liters per minute and the tank incubated for 72 hours at 26°C. 

Sterile air was supplied at 1,200 liters per minute. Antifoam was added in 25 ml amounts as required. (10% Piuronic LSI in soybean oil.) The fermentation was controlled at 26°C until a maximum yield of clevulanic acid wes obtained between 3-5 days when 200-300 /.Ig/ml of clavulanic acid were produced. 

A basic grasp of normal cardiac function sets the stage for understanding the pathophysiologic processes leading to HF and selecting appropriate therapy for HF. Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood ejected per unit of time (liters per minute) and is a major determinant of tissue perfusion. Cardiac output is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) CO = HR x SV. The following describes how each parameter relates to CO. 

Deposition experiments were carried out in replicate hollow casts of the upper airways or a human tracheobronchial tree using 0.2, 0.15 and 0.04 ym diameter particles and cyclic inspiratory flow rates of approximately 1 8 and 34 liters per minute (L/min) (see Table I). The replicates were produced from a single solid master airway cast prepared from the lungs of 34 year old male. The airway dimensions of the cast corresponded closely with the population mean of eight adult males as reported by Nikiforov and Schlesinger (1985). The airway diameters are somewhat larger and... 

The sampling pumps are precision devices capable of continuous and consistent action at up to 2 liters per minute for as much as 8 hours without variation in performance. In other words, they will always pump at the same flow rate, even as the cassette becomes more and more loaded. Each... 

All the experiments were eondueted at the lowest volume veloeity of eompressed air that would generate a suitable mist. The volume veloeity was 5.7 liters per minute. The flow meter reading was 6 liters per minute. A horizontal glass trap 37.5 inehes long eonneeted the nebulizer with the interior of the ehamber. The internal diameter of the trap was approximately equal to that of the nebulizer output tube (approximately 5/8 internal diameter). The orifiee of the trap was flush with the inside wall of the ehamber. 

Four samplers of the bubbler type ealibrated for 20 ml of liquid in eaeh were operated at 13.1 liters per minute for the first minute. After the first minute was eompleted, the volume veloeity for the seeond minute was 14.1 liters per minute. The four samplers were distributed as follows three were approximately at the nose level of a person seated in the chamber the fourth sampler was suspended from the roof at the geometric center of the chamber quite close to the head of the person seated in the chamber. 

Resistances have been (re-)calculated for standard liters per minute (at 20 °C Ls min =... 

The flow-shear nebulizer consists of a spherical surface with a fine slot through which the argon gas passes horizontally, and creates an aerosol stream flowing normal to the tangent at the slot. The Babington flow-shear nebulizer has been used for FAA, by Fry and Denton(36). The Fry and Denton version requires a flow rate of nine to twelve liters per minute of nebulizing gas. It may be possible to select a proper orifice size to obtain adequate aerosol production with a nebulizing gas flow rate of one liter per minute which is more suited to most ICP systems. A peristaltic pump transfers the solution to the nebulizer. 

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