Flow-ELISA

Fig. 5. An assay cycle using the flow-ELISA principle. The sample supplied with a fixed amount of enzyme-labeled antigen is introduced at the arrow sample into the continuous flow stream. Buffer is fed for a shon period before substrate for the marker enzyme is given as a pulse. The system is rinsed by a pulse of glycine buffer, pH 2.2. After reconditioning, the system is ready for a new assay. (After Mattiasson et al. (135).)...

Mattiasson B 1994 On-line monitoring of product concentration by flow-ELISA in integrated fermentation and purification process J. Ferment. Bioeng. 78 356-60... 

Mattiasson B, Nilsson M, Berddn P and Hakanson H 1990 Flow-ELISA binding... 

FIGURE 11.34 Photograph of fabricated sihcon mask (a), molded PDMS ELISA flow-through biochip... 

As stated earlier, activation of endothelial cells by pro-inflammatory stimuli leads to the expression of cell adhesion molecules and cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8. The expression and hence modulation of surface expressed adhesion molecules by e.g. targeted delivery of inhibitors of NFkB, can be measured using flow cytometric analysis or whole cell ELISA techniques. Cytokine production can be measured in the supernatant of cultured cells or in biological fluids. Furthermore, competitive or quantitative RT-PCR analysis of mRNA levels of cell adhesion molecules or cytokines, allows the transcriptional activity of the genes of interest to be estimated. 

Electric sector, 295 Electrochromatography, 119 Electrode potential, 348 Electromagnetic separator, 294 Electromigration, 114, 117 Electron capture detector, 36 Electron ionisation, 307 Electro-osmosis, 115 Electro-osmotic flow, 114 Electrophoregram, 113 Electrophoretic mobility, 114 Electrospray, 312 ELISA, 336... 

As of yet, there is no consensus as to which marker is more sensitive or specific to detect EMP. In addition, there are two main quantitative methodologies for detecting EMPs currently in use flow cytometry (FQ and a combination of AV capture (AVQ and prothrombinase assay (PTA) with ELISA [5, 6]. Table 1 summarizes the main features of the clinical assays most commonly used so far. 

In sum, EMPs have emerged as a preferred direct method for assessing EC injury in different disorders. EMP analysis could provide insight into the actual status of the endothelium in vivo by a simple blood analysis. However, there is a need for refinement and standardization of the assay method. Overall, most groups have relied on flow cytometry for the measurement of EMPs nevertheless, other methods such as ELISA are available and may be an option in the future. The main challenge remains in the selection of specific and sensitive monoclonal antibodies that may yield consistent results between different laboratories. In addition, the protocols for sample handling and storage need to be clearly delineated. The assay is still a... 

It is highly recommended that microarray findings be verified using other experimental approaches. We usually confirm our results by at least one of the alternative immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot blot, Western blot, flow cytometry, or immunohistology (16,18). 

Detection of proteins that are responsible for the altered phenotype, using (a) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and (b) lateral flow devices. 

Analytical tools to detect this particular protein rely on the use of antibodies, which specifically recognize the newly introduced protein. Two major applications are available lateral flow devices (also known as strip test or dipstick), and ELISA. An overview and an in-depth discussion of protein-based methods for the detection of grain derived from modern biotechnology can be found in the literature e.g., [3,4],... 

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