Ephestia kuehniella

Trematerra, P. 1988. Suppression of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller by using a mass-trapping method. 

Trematerra, P. and Battaina, F. 1987. Control of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller by mass-trapping. J. Appl. Entomol. 104, 336-340. 

Scholler, M. and Prozell, S. (1996) Response of Trichogramma evanescens to synthetic (Z, E)-9, 12-tetra-decadienyl acetate (TDA), a sex pheromone component of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae - Lepidoptera Pyralidae). In Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Entomology, p. 646, Florence, Italy. 

Trematerra, P. (1994) The use of sex pheromones to control Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Mediterranean flour moth) in flour mills by mass trapping and attracticide (lure and kill) methods. In Stored Product Protection. Proceedings of the 6th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Canberra, Australia, Ilighley, E., Wright, E.J., Banks, H.J. and Champ, B.R. (eds), pp. 375-382. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 

Tribolium confusum, Ephestia kuehniella Wheat flour Fogliazza et al. (1993)... 

The excreta of stored product insects are composed primarily of uric acid. However, in some species, the presence of other purines in lesser proportions has been reported. Ammonia is found in the excreta of larvae of Ephestia kuehniella, urea and allantoin in Tenebrio molitor, and both urea and xanthin in larval excreta of C. cephalonica (Bursell, 1967). Uric acid has been used as an indicator of insect infestation in cereals and cereal products since the 1950s (Subrahmanyan et al., 1955 Venkatrao et al., 1957). Subsequently, several methods have been described to determine uric acid levels in infested foodstuffs (Table VII). Most of these methods are modifications of tests originally developed for analysis in clinical samples. Pachla et al. (1987) have reviewed the methods of uric acid determination in foodstuffs and biological fluids. 

Casemaking clothes Imea pellionella) Codling Carpoctqfsa pomonella) Indian-meal Plodia interpunctella) Mediterranean flour (Ephestia kuehniella)... 

Repels adult females of Culexpipiens (common house mosquito) mortality of eggs in Tribolium confusum and Ephestia kuehniella Toxicity against Sitophilus zeamais (greater rice weevil)... 

Corbet, S. A. (1973) Oviposition pheromone in larval mandibular glands of Ephestia kuehniella. Nature, 243, 537-8. 

Cotter, W. B. (1974) Social facilitation and Ephestia kuehniella. Science,... 

The UV spectrum, with maxima at 270 (more intense) and 232 (less intense) nm, strongly resembled that for 2-acetylcyclohexane-l,3>dione (2) and suggests a 1,3,3 -tritetone structure for the major component A literature search for compounds containing this stmctural feature yielded an investigation by Mudd (Q of compounds isolated tom larvae of the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). 

As in die prior case, ethanolic NaOH smoothly effected the conversion from 10 to 11. The product 11 (R = ffi)-9-tridecenyl) provided MS and NMR spectra and GLC retention time identical to those of the isolated major component 5. In like manner, 11 with R (Z)-8-heptadecenyl was synthesize and yielded spectra identical to those for 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[l-oxo-9(Z)-octadecenyl]cyclohex-2-en-l-one which Mudd (fi) isolated from Ephestia kuehniella. 

Fig. 1. SEM picture of natural moth-eye structures (flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella). Fraunhofer ISE.

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