Floor-covering adhesives

Modern construction adhesives are almost emission free and very easy to apply, which has widened the Do It Yourself applications considerably. Two examples are mentioned here, floor-covering adhesives and ceramic-tile adhesives. 

Floor-covering adhesives are used for gluing down flexible floor coverings, such as carpet or vinyl sheet. In Europe predominantly acrylics are used, formulated with tack-ifying resins and calcium carbonate as filler. In North America usually high solids content styrene-butadiene emulsion polymers are applied, formulated with naphthenic oil and clay as filler (Urban Egan, 2002). In either formulation the inorganic filler content is between 25% and 50% and the polymer/resin ratio is about 1. 

The term floor-covering adhesives denotes all materials for laying flexible floor-coverings. These include secondary and unitary backed carpets, felt backed vinyl, vinyl composition tile (VCT), homogeneous vinyl sheet, rubber, and various vinyl and polyurethane backed carpet tile products. Rigid coverings, such as natural stone, ceramic and parquet, are not included here. 

In North America reductions in solvent levels in floor-covering adhesives have been essentially driven by environmental and VOC concerns. In March 2001, the California South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) approved a proposal, Rule 1168, to reduce solvent levels, specifically non-exempt VOC, in floor-covering adhesives from approximately 150-200 g L to approximately 50-70 g L. Other state agencies are expected to implement similar solvent and VOC criteria in years to come. These regulatory changes necessitate a further shift from solvent-rich adhesive systems towards water-based adhesive technology. 

Floor-covering adhesives made from water-based polymer emulsions contain approximately 10-20 % dry polymer in both European and North American systems. Floor-coverings are bonded using an application rate of about 250-500 g wT. ... 

Polyterpenes, coumarone-indene resins, and so-called petroleum resins are produced commercially using cationic polymerization. These are used as additives for rubber, coatings, floor coverings, and adhesives. 

Wilke, O., Jann, O. and Brodner, D. (2004) VOC- and SVOC-emissions from adhesives, floor coverings and complete floor structures. Indoor Air, 14 (Suppl. 8), 98-107. 

Furfural-ketone copolymers have found commercial use, particularly in the Soviet Union, in applications ranging from floor coverings, anti-corrosion coatings, wood adhesives, and binders for carbon/graphite. When an alkaline catalyst is used, furfural is known to react with acetone to form the so-called furfurylidene acetone monomer, a mixture of 2-furfurylidene methylketone (6), bis(2-furfurylidene) ketone (7), mesityl oxide, and other oligomers. 

Colored glass chips can be inserted in the NIPU flooring with a subsequent coating of transparent protective varnish. Binder with rubber granules and quartz can be used on ramps and other critical places for increase of adhesion. The coating can be of any color. Figure 4.4 illustrates the recommended structure of the floor covering. 

Camk. [Camie-Canq>bdl] Aerosol and bulk adhesives for textile screen Hinting, pkg., floor covering, craistniction, arel mfg., maintenance, automotive, upholstery, and furniture tqrplics. 

Vinsoi . [Hercules] I wood resin derivs. thermoidastic resin fev lacquers, adhesives, elec, insulation, floor coverings, foundry molds as extender for latmces water rqtdlent, air entrainment aid fOT masonry cements asi t emulsifier. 

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