Flight certification

With increased mobility of staff, corporate memory is tending to shorten rapidly. Indeed, it has been said that with development of a new aircraft from first requirements specification to flight certification now taking on average 15 years, it is unlikely that anyone having a technical role at the commencement of the project will have any connection with that role at the end, even if still part of the organisation. 

Fhght certification is a term used to describe the process by which a system is deemed airworthy. Flight certification is analogous to airworthiness certification. 

It will use 15 to 20% less fuel when compared to other wide-body airplanes. Production will begin 2005. First flight is expected in 2007 with certification, delivery, and entry into service 2008. 

Leo Windecker (dentist) builds the Windecker Eagle airplane. The Windecker all-RP airplane, after seven years (1967) of development, is successfully flight tested. It is the first plastic composite to receive USA FAA certification. This glass fiber-epoxy (Dow plastic and construction) plane has a monocoque fuselage. 

Certificate holders may develop ASAP programs and submit them to the FAA for review and acceptance. Ordinarily, programs are developed for specific employee groups, such as members of the flightcrew, flight attendants, mechanics, or dispatchers. The FAA may also suggest, but not require, that a certificate holder develop an ASAP to resolve an identified safety problem. 

The conditions in an airplane shall serve to further illustrate this principle At cruising altitude, the absolute cabin pressure in commercial aircrafts is set to 0.7 bar [12]. This value corresponds to oxygen levels found at an altitude of 2250 m, which is comparable to staying in a room at sea level with an oxygen concentration of 16 vol.% [10, 11]. However, it is remarkable that for a long distance flight, e.g., of 8 h no doctor s certificate is needed. 

Test First flight tests for certification Incorrect assembly Unknown systems characteristics ... 

This may be captured in Table 6.2 (column 4) and Table 6.3 (column 7). During the early stages of the design, these recommendations will be aimed at the design process. As the system approaches flight trials and certification, these recommendations will be for specific entry into the aircraft Technical Pnblications (e.g. Hight Reference Cards, Maintenance Manuals, etc.). 

The use of a flight simulator is a powerful tool to assist in verification activities however, if these data are to be used as certification evidence, then the team will need to ensure that the simulator itself is verified to be a truly representative of the aircraft configuration and behaviour relative to the assessment. 

Master Minimum Equipment List A list of equipment and functions which need not be operative for safe flight and landing based on stated compensating precautions created during aeroplane type certification [ARPS 150]. 

FADEC systems govern the thrust control of engines. Therefore, the certification requirements for the application of TLD to FADEC systems require that the Loss of Thrust Control (LOTC) rates related to those systems must meet certain requirements. There are two basic requirements. The first of these is that the average system LOTC rate must not exceed 10 failures per 10 flight hours. This limit was established since this... 

The first aim was to translate textual certification requirements into a stochastic model. The relevant figure turned out to be the expected number of failures, the time scale is the number of flight hours , and repairs are important. The points of time when repair is possible are the set of positive integers. This makes the continuous time process in-homogenous. So, standard tools for solving Markov Processes cannot be applied. 

For example, a more contemporary example of a company that focuses on eliminating variety is Southwest Airlines. They operate only one type of aircraft—Boeing 13>1. That means they need to train their engineers, pilots, and flight attendants on only one type of aircraft they need to keep only one set of spare parts and they need only one FAA certification. This focus on eliminating variety is one of the key reasons for Southwest continuing to be the lowest cost airline. 

No air transport pilot certificate, no flight engineer certificate 18 26 24 41 42 56 77 76... 

During the review, each manager must assess his readiness for launch based on hardware status, problems encountered during launch processing, launch constraints and open items. Each NASA project manager and major shuttle component support contractor representative is required to sign a Certificate of Flight Readiness. 

The effects of the compressed schedule were evident in other areas. Five of the seven flight controllers who were scheduled to work the next mission lacked certification, but as a result of the schedule pressure, managers either were willing to delay recertification or were too busy to notice that deadlines for recertification had passed ... 

Every year the FAA is asked to certify a wide variety of umnanned aircraft for flight in the NAS. Although most umnanned operations are currently conducted over remote regions where risks to people and properly are minimal, certification... 

Military Handbook (MIL-HDBK)-516B, Airworthiness Certification, DoD Handbook, delineates the U.S. military aircraft airworthiness certification process. It also contains a list of the typical certification data required for airworthiness certification, which leads to a flight clearance. It includes a section on system safety, a system safety program (SSP), and a software safety program (SwSP). System safety generally provides the safety evaluation of hardware and software for airworthiness flight clearance recommendations. System safety is involved in ensuring that the Aircraft Airworthiness Authority s standards are satisfied for the airworthiness authority involved. 

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