Boeing aircraft

For example, a more contemporary example of a company that focuses on eliminating variety is Southwest Airlines. They operate only one type of aircraft—Boeing 13>1. That means they need to train their engineers, pilots, and flight attendants on only one type of aircraft they need to keep only one set of spare parts and they need only one FAA certification. This focus on eliminating variety is one of the key reasons for Southwest continuing to be the lowest cost airline. 

Air Reduction Company Allison Division, General Motors American Messer Corporation Aro Equipment Corporation Bechtel Corporation Beech Aircraft Corporation Bell Aircraft Boeing Airplane Company Convair... 

Epoxide resin laminates are of particular importance in the aircraft industry. It has been stated that the Boeing 757 and 767 aircraft use 1800 kg of carbon fibre/ epoxide resin composites for structural purposes per aeroplane. The resin has also been used with Aramid fibres for filament-wound rocket motors and pressure vessels. The AV-18 fighter aircraft is also said to be 18% epoxide resin/cc bon fibre composite. The resins are also widely used both with fibres and with honeycomb structures for such parts as helicopter blades. 

BAC5555, Phosphoric acid anodization of aluminum for structural bonding. Boeing Aircraft Company, 1974. 

BAC5632, Boric acid-sulfuric acid anodizing. Boeing Aircraft Company, 1990. 

Fig. 5. Growth of adhesive bonding on Boeing Aircraft. Reproduced by permission of the Boeing Company.

Table 1 contains the metal-to-metal engineering property requirements for Boeing Material Specification (BMS) 5-101, a structural film adhesive for metal to metal and honeycomb sandwich use in areas with normal temperature exposure. The requirements are dominated by shear strength tests. Shear strength is the most critical engineering property for structural adhesives, at least for the simplistic joint analysis that is commonly used for metal-to-metal secondary structure on commercial aircraft. Adhesive Joints are purposefully loaded primarily in shear as opposed to tension or peel modes as adhesives are typically stronger in shear than in Mode I (load normal to the plane of the bond) loading. 

It IS estimated that more than 80 percent of the American population has flown at least once if that is true, it is effectively a fully mature market. Outside the United States, the demand for air travel is expanding as well, although it has been tempered by economic dotvnturns, particularly in the Asian market. These factors are leading Airbus and Boeing to the conclusion that there will exist a need for an aircraft larger than any now flying. They differ, however, on the question of when that aircraft will be needed and what form it should take. 

Fig. 9,20 Spiral bevel ring gear assembly from the forward transmission gear box of Boeing Vertol 234-LR (Chinook) aircraft registration G-BWFC which crashed into the sea off the Shetland Isles in 1986. Note the peripheral and radial fractures in the gear, which appeared to be responsible for the crash. There was evidence of fretting and galvanic corrosion which may have been responsible for initiation of the fracture sequence...

FIGURE 2-3 Airflow patterns in a typical passenger aircraft. SOURCE Available online at http //www.boeing. com/commercial/cabinair/ecs.pdf. Accessed October 7, 2005. 

The aircraft manufacturer Boeing sponsored the work described here, and the company is developing the technology further for aircraft window coatings. 

Hydrogen aircraft have been studied by NASA. This involved a fuel-cell-powered aircraft the size of a Boeing 737 in its Revolutionary Aeropropulsion Concepts program. The hydrogen 737 would use a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for power. 

In 1977, two fully loaded Boeing 747 commercial aircraft crashed into each other on a foggy runway in the Canary Islands. This accident was then the worst in aviation history and took 583 lives. An inquiry concluded most of the deaths in the Canary Islands accident resulted from the aviation fuel fire that lasted for more than 10 hours. G. Daniel Brewer, who was the hydrogen program manager for Lockheed, stated that if both aircraft had been using liquid hydrogen as fuel instead of kerosene, hun-... 

On September 11, 2001, two fully loaded Boeing 767 commercial aircraft were hijacked and flown into the World Trade Center towers. Over 3,000 were killed as fires from the jet fuel caused the buildings to collapse. If hydrogen were used as the fuel, the damage would have been limited to the immediate crash sites, the buildings would probably be still standing and many lives would have been spared. 

NASA has also funded research by several aerospace firms, including Lockheed and Boeing, to determine if liquid hydrogen could be practical for commercial aircraft and what modifications would be needed for airports and fueling systems. 

Until the late 1960s almost all tactical aircraft were largely titanium. Although titanium is relatively light, it is costly and has demanding production requirements so that its use was limited to moderate temperature aircraft applications. Today, most tactical aircraft have a sizable component that is polymeric, mainly composite. The Boeing F/A 18E/F and Lockheed F/A-22 have about 25%, by weight, composite material. It is projected that future military aircraft will have more than 35%i composite materials. 

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