Flavoring agents malic acid

Malic acid Antioxidant, buffering agent, flavoring agent, chelating agent The powder form has a strongly acid taste and is freely soluble in ethanol and water. However, aqueous solutions are mildly corrosive to carbon steels... 

Health and Safety. The L.S. KDA has affirmed R.S- and S( -)-malic acid as substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRASi as flavor enhancers, flavoring agents and adjuvants, and as pH control agents. R.S-and 5( —i-malic acid may not be used in baby foods. Malic acid is also cleared to correct natural acid deficiencies in juice or wine. 

Malic acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a general-purpose acidulant. It possesses a slight apple flavor and is used as a flavoring agent to mask bitter tastes and provide tartness. Malic acid is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth-cleaning tablets. 

Water used in many manufacturing processes often contains small amounts of hard water salts. However, malic acid is highly soluble, and the solubility of its calcium salt prevents cloudiness of end products containing malic acid as an acidulant. Malic acid and its salts have been confirmed by the FDA as GRAS to be applied as a flavor enhancer and acidulant as well as a pH control agent at levels varying from 6.9% for hard candy to 0.7% for miscellaneous uses (Fowlds, 2002). 

Malic acid (INS No 296 FW 134.09) Chem. name dl malic acid 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, hydroxy succinic acid. Malic acid is the second most popular general purpose food acid, although only less than one-tenth of the quantity of citric acid is used in food. The functional uses include acidity regulator and as a flavoring agent [46]. The ADI is not limited. The usage of malic acid is similar to that of citric acid. 

Malic acid Acidulant, antioxidant, flavor, buffering agent... 

MA also finds use as a starting material for malic acid 10 from which it was originally made. Malic acid is used as an acidulant and flavoring agent where it is generally regarded as safe as a miscellaneous or general purpose food additive.(See Chapter 3.)... 

F. is the starting material to make - malic acid and is used in polyesters instead of maleic acid because of its innocuous nature. It is also an acidulant and flavoring agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a substitute for - tartaric or - citric acid. 

Flavor enhancers are used imiversally in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Sugar, carboxylic acids (e.g., citric, malic, and tartaric), common salt (NaCl), amino acids, some amino acid derivatives (e.g., monosodium glutamate—MSG), and spices (e.g., peppers) are most often employed. Although extremely effective with proteins and vegetables, MSG has limited use in pharmaceuticals because it is not a sweetener. Citric acid is most frequently used to enhance taste performance of both liquid and solid pharmaceutical products, as well as a variety of foods. Other acidic agents, such as malic and tartaric acids, are also used for flavor enhancement. In oral liquids, these acids contribute unique and complex organoleptic effects, increasing overall flavor quality. Common salt provides similar effects at its taste threshold level in liquid pharmaceuticals. Vanilla, for example, has a delicate bland flavor, which is effectively enhanced by salt. 

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