Flash point testing

The vapor pressure (VP) can be used in conjunction with a measured LEE to estimate flash point. When this is done it is usually found that the calculated flash point is less than the measured value owing to limitations in the flash point test technique (5-1.1.1). Conversely, the LEE can be estimated only approximately from the flash point. The VP can also be used to replace the 10... 

Sludge observations will show if arcing is causing carbon deposits which, if allowed to build up will affect heat transfer and could influence the oil insulation. There is also a flash point test, in which any lowering of flash... 

Another test (ASTM E-659) is available that can be used as a complement to the flash point test and involves determination of the autoignition temperature. However, the flash point should not be confused with the autoignition temperature, which measures spontaneous combustion with no external source of ignition. 

As for all petroleum products, considerations of safety in storage and transportation and, more particularly, contamination by more volatile products are required. This is usually accommodated by the Pensky-Martens flash point test (ASTM D93 IP 34). For the fuel oil, a minimum flash point of 55°C (131°F) or 66°C (150°F) is included in most specifications. 

Ignition (or Explosion) Temperature Tests, also called Deflagration Temperature, Detonation Temperature and Flash Point Tests. 

Flash Point Test. See Ignitioa(or Explosion) Temperature Test, described In this sect inn Flash Test for Caps. See Optical Method for Testing Caps Forty Degree Test. See under Exudation Tests... 

Flash point tests 1 XVI—XVII 6 F80—F96 flash and Are points by Cleveland open cup method 6 F80—F82 flashpoint 6 F80... 

COC. Abbr for Cleveland Open Cup, a type of flash point test... 

PM2 5 PM10 PMA PMC PNA Pour point Particulate matter less than 2.5 ptm and 10 jam in diameter. Polymetacrylate viscosity index improver or viscosity modifier. Pensky-Martin closed cup-flash point test. Polynuclear aromatic. Measure of lubricant low-temperature flow which is 3°C above the temperature at which a normally liquid petroleum product maintains fluidity. Oil forms a honeycomb or crystals at low... 

The flash point test is a guide to the fire hazard associated with the use of the fuel the flash point can be determined by several test methods, and the results are not always strictly comparable. 

Unlike a fire point, ignition at the flash point temperature may not result in sustained combustion. There are several flash point test methods, and flash points may vary for the same material depending on the method used. Consequently, it is important that the test method is indicated when the flash point is given (150°PMCC, 200°TCC, etc.,). A closed cup type test is used most frequently for regulatory purposes. Flash point test methods are as follows ... 

Flash point is the temperature at which the volatile products are evolved at such a rate that they are capable of being ignited but not supporting combustion. A crude cottonseed oil with a free fatty acid content of 1.8% was found to have a flash point of 560°F (293°C). Solvent-extracted oils can have a lower flash point due to a solvent residue. A flash point test identifies this crude oil deficiency and so prevents accidental fire or explosion in an atmosphere that is not explosion-proof. Crude vegetable oil shipments received with a flash point below 250°F can be rejected under most trading rules. 

Cleveland open cup is used to determine flash and fire points of liquids with flash point above 79°C and below 400°C, such as plasticizers. Standard gives the methods of determination using manual and automatie Cleveland open cup apparatus. About 70 ml of test liquid is heated first rapidly then slowly on approaching an expected flash point. Test flame is apphed to surface to ignite vapors. Test flame is natural or bottled gas flame (full description included in the standard). Test flame is apphed first when the temperature is 28°C below expected flash point and then in 2 C intervals. 

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