Flammable materials sampling systems

Sampling systems are centrally located leak-detection systems that use a pump or aspirator to pull samples from various locations into an instrument for analysis. They can be used to detect both toxic or flammable materials. The instruments used may sample and analyze a single point or multiple points, depending on the application. Additionally, some of these systems will allow detection of up to five components. 

A conveniently situated, modest-sized (approximately 120-square-foot) storage area would suffice and it should be smooth, light colored, linoleum floored with Formica type shelving, non-heated, and dry. (Bear in mind that some sampling kits contain flammable solvents.) The store should be lock-able and under the directed control of an appointed officer and used exclusively for the storage of suspect sampling materials for use at that location only. There must be a strict accounting system for all materials. 

This instrument measures the oxygen consumed by a sample exposed to rapid pyrolysis temperature profiles, thus measuring the heat release (HR) capacity as well as the total heat evolved from the sample. The instrument measures the inherent flammability of a polymeric material the lower the HR capacity and total heat, the less flammable the material. The PCFC results obtained from the BPC polycarbonate show a much lower heat release capacity and also a much higher char yield, compared with traditional BPA polycarbonate, thereby underscoring the effectiveness of the BPC system. 

A typical heat release rate curve for a neat epoxy system and the respective layered silicate nanocomposite, is shown in Fig. 2.12. Both peak and average heat release rate, as well as mass loss rates, are all significantly improved through the incorporation of the nanopartieles. In addition, no increase in specific extinction area (soot), CO yields or heat of combustion is noticeable. However, the mechanism of improved flame retardation is still not clear and no general agreement exists as to whether the intercalated or exfoliated structure leads to a better outcome. The reduced mass loss rate occurs only after the sample surface is partially covered with char. The major benefits of the use of layered silicates as a flame retardation additive is that the filler is more environmentally-friendly compared to the commonly used flame retardants and often improves other properties of the material at the same time. However, whilst the layered silicate strategy is not sufficient to meet the strict requirements for most of its application in the electrical and transportation industry, the use of layered silicates for improved flammability performance may allow the removal of a significant portion of conventional flame retardants. 

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