Flame photometric detection chromatograms

In multi-residue analysis, an analyte is identified by its relative retention time, e.g., relative to aldrin when using ECD or relative to parathion or chlorpyrifos when using a flame photometric detection (FPD) and NPD. Such relative retention times are taken from corresponding lists for the columns used. Further evidence for the identity of an analyte is provided by the selectivity of the different detectors (Modules D1 to D3), by its elution behavior during column chromatography (Modules Cl and C2) and in some cases even by the peak form in a gas chromatogram. In a specific analysis for only some individual analytes, their retention times are compared directly with the corresponding retention times of the analytes from standard solutions. 

Garra and Muth [80] and Wasik and Brown [81] characterised crude, semi-refined, and refined oils by gas chromatography. Separation followed by dualresponse detection (flame ionisation for hydrocarbons and flame photometric detection for S-containing compounds) was used as a basis for identifying oil samples. By examination of chromatograms, it was shown that refinery... 

The sulfur compounds that are present in minor quantities in petroleum products also exhibit a typical gas chromatographic fingerprint easily obtained by flame photometric detection. This fingerprint has been introduced to complement the flame ionisation detection chromatogram with the aim of resolving the ambiguities or increasing the reliability in the identification of the pollutants [74]. 

Capillary Electrophoresis with Flame Photometric Detection Chemical Weapons Convention Extracted Ion Chromatogram Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry Electrospray Ionization Flow Injection Analysis Flame Photometric Detector Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Gas chromatography International Union for Pure and... 

By and large, most currently employed approaches for the accurate and precise quantitation of TBT and other butyltins rely on GC with some type of element selective or specific detection technique. Most of these use flame photometric detection (FPD) with a tin specific filter at GOOnm emission. Though somewhat selective for tin containing species, it is not 100% specific for tin alone. Thus, the combination of GC with FPD and DCP appeared to be a very reliable and practical approach to obtain one and/or two selective chromatograms from one or two injections of a fish or shellfish extract. 

Figure 4.7 Micro-LC-S-FPD chromatograms obtained after the addition of various percentages of w-propanol to a TDG sample. Final TDG concentration, 10pgmL [32], Reprinted from Determination of the sulfur mustard hydrolysis product thiodiglycol by microcolumn liquid chromatography coupled on-line with sulfur flame photometric detection using large-volume injections and peak compression, Edwin W.J. Flooijschuur, Charles E. Kientz, Udo A. Th. Brinkman Journal of Chromatography A 849(2) 433-44, 1999, with permission from Elsevier...

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