Five component model

Figure 7.10. Result of split-half analysis of a four- and a five-component PARAFAC model of fluorescence data. In the left-most plots, the emission loadings are shown and in the right-most the excitation loadings. Upper plots show the results from the four-component model and the lower ones for the five-component model. The profiles from set A and B are shown superimposed. It is seen that in the upper plots, the profiles of set A and B coincide quite closely whereas this is not the case in the lower plots.

Figure 10.15. Results from split-half analysis. The top row represents three-component models and lower one five-component models. Left, emission mode loadings are given and right, excitation mode loadings. The loadings from all four models are superimposed.

Langewouters, G.J., Wesseling, K.H. and Goedhard, W.J.A. (1985) The pressure dependent dynamic elasticity of 35 thoracic and 16 abdominal human aortas in vitro described by a five component model. J. Biomech., 18, 613-620. 

For the river and WTP sites, a five-component model has the lowest RMSECV however, the two-component model appears to be a better choice, given that relatively small gains in RMSECV (and the correlation coefficient, are obtained by including the last three latent variables. For the estuary sites, a three- component model appears to be sufficient. Again, a seven-component model has lower RMSECV, yet only very small improvements in RMSECV are attained with the addition of many latent variables. A conservative approach is thus to select two latent variables for the river and WTP model, and three for the estuary model. 

Sillen constructed his models in a stepwise fashion starting with a simplified ocean model of five components (HCl, H2O, KOH, Al(OH)3,... 

Preliminary work showed that first order reaction models are adequate for the description of these phenomena even though the actual reaction mechanisms are extremely complex and hence difficult to determine. This simplification is a desired feature of the models since such simple models are to be used in numerical simulators of in situ combustion processes. The bitumen is divided into five major pseudo-components coke (COK), asphaltene (ASP), heavy oil (HO), light oil (LO) and gas (GAS). These pseudo-components were lumped together as needed to produce two, three and four component models. Two, three and four-component models were considered to describe these complicated reactions (Hanson and Ka-logerakis, 1984). 

By lumping pseudo-components, we can formulate five three-component models of interest. Pseudo-components shown together in a circle are treated as one pseudo-component for the corresponding kinetic model. 

Five-Component Anionic Lipid Model (Chugai Model)... 

TABLE 7.9 Five-Component Anionic Lipid PAMPA Model (without Sink), pH 7.4a... 

From Figure E14.6b you can see that five components exist for the one reactor-separator section, and 20 binary variables and stream flows (continuous variables) occur in the initial model. Let us summarize the model proposed by Phimister and colleagues. Other details are in Douglas. 

NB This pilot study included only six concentration levels with a five-component PLS model there is a virtual certainty of over fitting the model. Even a two-segment cross validation is no absolute guarantee [2], but does supply the only possible validation basis with any credibility. However, the results in Figure 9.23 indicate and substantiate satisfactory possibilities for continuing to the type of extended calibration work needed in a full-fledged industrial calibration setting. 

The dynamics between all of the five components in the above model are summarized in Figure 3.1. As the dmg reaches the systemic circulation, its concentration rises to a maximum (C ,ax). indicating the trend that absorption is occurring more rapidly than distribution and elimination. C ax is attained after a duration (Tmax)- To that effect, the rate of change of dmg in the body is the difference between the rate of absorption and that of elimination [Eq. (3.2)], and after C ax is attained the rate at which the dmg is eliminated exceeds the rate of its absorption. The rate of dmg change in the body will have a negative value, signifying an overall decline in the concentration of the dmg in the body ... 

Mujtaba and Macchietto (1994) presented an industrial case study in which dynamic optimisation method of Mujtaba and Macchietto (1993) is utilised for the development of the optimal operation of an entire batch distillation campaign where 100 batches of fresh charge have to be processed with secondary reprocessing of intermediate off-cuts. The process involved a complex separation of a five-component mixture of industrial interest, described using non-ideal thermodynamic models. In addition, the operation of the whole production campaign was subject to a number of resource constraints, for example -... 

Since the gas phase contains five components which should satisfy three elementary mass balances, two arbitrarily chosen, but independent,conversions are required to define its composition, e.g. the total methane conversion, Xqjj, and the conversion of methane into C02, Xco2 The prediction of these conversions in any point of the reactor therefore necessitates two rate equations, each derived under the assumption of at least one rate determining step (r.d.s.). A number of authors have used one rate equation only, thereby assuming the watergas shift reaction (CO+H2O Z C02+H2) to be at equilibrium at any point in the reactor (2, 3, 4), but others have contradicted this assumption (5, 6). From this mechanism and after discrimination between more than 150 rival models (1), the... 

However, the Schiff base complex lacks the stability towards reduction by CN" that characterizes the Cu( II) in galactose oxidase. While the enzyme binds a single CN" even at large CN" excess (22), the Cu(II) in the model is reduced by the ligand. To assess the underlying structural components which stabilize the enzymic Cu(II) towards reduction by CN", a five-coordinate model (Figure 2) having square bipyramidal symmetry was prepared (23). (The conditions and system procedures... 

Description of the Model. Bois and Paxman (1992) produced a model that they used to explore the effect of exposure rate on the production of benzene metabolites. The model had three components, which described the pharmacokinetics of benzene and the formation of metabolites, using the rat as a model. Distribution and elimination of benzene from a five-compartment model, comprised of liver, bone marrow, fat, poorly perfused tissues, and well perfused tissues, made up the first component of the model. The five-compartment model included two sites for metabolism of benzene, liver and bone marrow. The bone marrow component was included for its relevance to human leukemia. Parameter values for this component were derived from the literature and from the previously published work of Rickert et al. 

Table 4.25 Column configuration for a five-component distillation used in the Aspen Plus simulator with the Peng-Robinson model qc= 3395.3367 kW qR = 3432.2069 kW Number of stages = 14 Location of feed stage = 7 Reflux ratio = 8.87.

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