FIRM/organization

However, the economics of the wine industry were so precarious that in 1894 (partially because of the national economic depression), seven of the leading wine firms organized the California Wine Association to stabilize wine prices. As Peninou and Greenleaf (3) state, From that time on until the coming of Prohibition, the history of winemaking in California is largely the history of the California Wine Association. ... 

Hirschman A.O., 2006. Exit, Voice and Loyalty Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States, Harvard University Press. 

The change object(s) can be a product or product family both of which can change with respect to type, volume or mix, technological or logistical processes, the part of the manufacturing facilities, or the firm organization to be affected. 

Groysberg, B. and Lee, L. E. (2009), "Hiring stars and their colleagues Exploration and exploitation in professional service firms," Organization Science, 20 (4), 740-58. 

In these conditions, suppliers and contractors looking for business with major firms need greater flexibility and wider competence than previously. This often implies increased size and perhaps mergers, though in principle, bids could be and perhaps are made by loose partnerships of smaller firms organized to secure such business. Figure 3.4 is a typical supply chain. 

Dougherty D, Heller T (1994) The illegitimacy of sustainable product innovation in established firms. Organ Sci 2 200-218... 

Blois, J. K. (1996). Vertical quasi-integration. In P. J. Buckley J. Michie (Eds.), Firms, organizations and contracts A reader in industrial organization (pp. 320-338). New York Oxford University Press. 

There is increasing evidence that the ionisation of the organic indicators of the same type, and previously thought to behave similarly, depends to some degree on their specific structures, thereby diminishing the generality of the derived scales of acidity. In the present case, the assumption that nitric acid behaves like organic indicators must be open to doubt. However, the and /fp scales are so different, and the correspondence of the acidity-dependence of nitration with so much better than with Hg, that the effectiveness of the nitronium ion is firmly established. The relationship between rates of nitration and was subsequently shown to hold up to about 82 % sulphuric acid for nitrobenzene, />-chloronitrobenzene, phenyltrimethylammonium ion, and p-tolyltrimethylammonium ion, and for various other compounds. ... 

Market Access. Technology organizations must understand the value chain, ie, the sources of demand for the firm s products and services the technologies used by customers, learned through a vibrant appHcations development effort and the ways ia which technological solutions can affect demand. This overall effort requires close contact with the firm s marketing function and with customers ia their markets, so that technologies and markets can be matched. 

The R D function itself will be organized from company to company in very different ways. In some firms, the responsibiUty for innovation will be broadly shared and a distinct R D unit may cease to exist. In others, technical developments from an R D lab will be the principal source of innovation for the business. In still others, the primary task of the R D or technology group will be to obtain technology from outside the firm. Those involved in R D will need to make certain that their knowledge and talents impact the business irrespective of their precise function. The innovation process will become less linear (Fig. 8) as more feedback loops, technology transfer, and cooperative efforts are involved. 

Bonding Agents. These materials are generally only used in wire cable coat compounds. They are basically organic complexes of cobalt and cobalt—boron. In wire coat compounds they are used at very low levels of active cobalt to aid in the copper sulfide complex formation that is the primary adherance stmcture. The copper sulfide stmcture builds up at the brass mbber interface through copper in the brass and sulfur from the compound. The dendrites of copper sulfide formed entrap the polymer chains before the compound is vulcanized thus hoi ding the mbber firmly to the wire. 

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