Fines content

This method determines fines present in pelleted carbon black. Material passing through a 125 im sieve is considered fines. The material remaining on the sieve is weighed to determine the percent fines. 

Heating loss is used to determine moisture content in carbon black. The drying is performed at 125°C for 30 min. Under these conditions moisture is removed but some other volatile materials may also be lost. The automatic equipment such as drying balances is also used (note that carbon black does not absorb infrared rapidly therefore, other sources of heat are normally used). This method gives precise readings because it avoids errors due to reabsorption of moisture. 

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Fig. 5. Effect of fines particle size on (a) bubble size for FCC catalyst, of Pp = 1250 kg/m, decreases with increa sing fines content, U = 0.1 m/s and...

Fig. 23. Turbulent and bubbling beds scale-up comparison where increasing gas velocity, fines content, and JT/D staging can help maintain reactor efficiency as the reactor diameter increases. A 100% efficiency is equivalent to plug flow.

Clays (qv) are aluminosihcate minerals, some of which have definite chemical compositions. In regard to tar sands, however, clay is only a size classification and is usually deterrnined by a sedimentation method. According to the previous definition of fines, the fines fraction equals the sum of the silt and clay fractions. The clay fraction over a wide range of fines contents is a relatively constant 30% of the fines. 

PSD is an important indicator of the fluidization characteristics of the catalyst, cyclone performance, and the attrition resistance of the catalyst. A drop in fines content indicates the loss of cyclone efficiency. This can be confirmed by the particle size of fines collected downstream of the cyclones. An increase in fines content of the E-cat indicates increased catalyst attrition. This can be due to changes in fresh catalyst binder quality, steam leaks, and/or internal mechanical problems, such as those involving the air distributor or slide vah es. 

Physical fines content Less than 1% under 250 pm... 

U.S. EPA requires that soil liners be built so that the hydraulic conductivity is equal to or less than 1 x 10 7 cm/s. To meet this requirement, certain characteristics of soil materials should be met. First, the soil should have at least 20% fines (fine silt and clay-sized particles). Some soils with less than 20% fines will have hydraulic conductivities below 10-7 cm/s, but at such low fines content, the required hydraulic conductivity value is much harder to meet.5... 

For those units utilizing a tertiary separator, regular measurement of the PSD and metal content of the underflow of this separator is also recommended. A shift in catalyst PSD to higher values is an indication of a potential loss problem. A decrease in fines content typically reflects a problem with collection equipment. Depending on the unit configuration, this can have a significant impact on catalyst circulation. 

Mix proportion aspects that should be considered in the design of highly flowable mixtures include (1) cement content (2) fines content (3) type of superplasticizer (4) the presence of other admixtures in the mix (5) type of cement or cementitious material (6) dosage of the admixture (7) sequence... 

Remedial contractor cost estimates for the Bergmann USA soils/sediment washing process range from 75 to 125 per ton, depending on the total amount of material to be processed. The average cost per ton of treated soil depends on the feed rate and the fines content of the soil. 

Table 1 presents a detailed breakont of the costs for the hypothetical treatment of 22,000 tons of contaminated soil using the soil recycle treatment train (D10059U, p. 21). The hypothetical case cost estimate is based on a fines content of 16.5%. The estimated cost per ton is sensitive to the percent of fines present. This occnrs becanse the metals removal and/or biological treatment capacity can limit the utilization rate of the wash plant (D10059U, p. 21). 

Fines content ASTM D 1508 DIN 53583 only for pelletized blacks, percentage passing through a sieve of 125 pm mesh width... 

The effect of fines content on the combustion of pulverized coal is quite dramatic (Field et al., 1967 Essenhigh, 1981), and the problems associated with collection of an unbiased sample of pulverized coal need attention (ASTM D-197). Operating samples are often collected from the feedstocks to power plant boilers on a shift or daily basis for calculation of heat balances and operating efficiencies. Another objective of operating samples is to document compliance with air pollution emission regulations based on fuel composition. 

Fines content of fine particles in a coal sample. 

Symbol Aggregate shape Aggregate - cement ratio water cement ratio Fines content % Fines ione... 

Damp-proofing admixtures include soaps and fatty acids which react with the cement hydrates to modify workability, bleeding and settlement, air content, compressive strength and durability characteristics. Mix proportions, mix consistency, admixture dosage and poor mixing influence the effects produced by the admixture. In cement-rich mixes void content is often increased, resulting in increased permeability. Since the admixture produces air, mixes with high fines content may promote air entrainment. 

Particle size large pellets ( 8-20 mm), as uniform as possible no fines medium size ( 2-6mm) and uniform no fines broad particle-size distribution (w0.02-6 mm) high fines content acceptable fine (0.02-0.5 mm), with narrow particle size distribution... 

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