Fine spectrum Subject

The absorption spectrum contains fine-structure details in the vicinity of this X-edge. The general subject has been reviewed by Compton and Allison (S), by Sandstrom (3), and by Tomboulian (4)- The review presented here will be brief. 

All nuclear multiplet structures due to coupling of nonequivalent nuclei are, as noted earlier, subject to effects on line shapes by chemical or positional exchange. For those multiplet structures arising from coupling of nuclei, one of which has a nonzero nuclear quadrupole moment, effects of quadrupole relaxation must be considered. For example, if a proton or fluorine atom is bonded to a nitrogen nucleus (I = 1), a triplet resonance will be expected in the proton or fluorine spectrum. For observation of this fine structure it is necessary that the lifetimes of the nuclear spin states of nitrogen (m = 1, 0, —1) be greater than the inverse frequency separation between multiplet components, i.e., t > l/ANx (106). The lifetimes of N14 spin states can become comparable to or less than 1 /A as a result of quadrupole relaxation. When the N14 spin-state lifetimes are comparable... 

FTIR Spectra. After reaction, the mineral samples were subjected to ultrasonic treatment in acetone for periods of up to 1 hour. Transmission IR spectra of the released product fines from reactions of 60-mesh labradorite and microcline with 10 2 mol dm 3 CsCl in distilled water at 150 C for 47 days are presented in Figure 3. The spectrum obtained from of the labradorite reaction product (Figure 3(a)) is identical with that of a sample of natural pollucite (Figure 3(c)). The spectrum obtained from the microcline reaction product (Figure 3(b)) contains bands in the 500 cm""1 to 800 cm"1 region, due to unreacted microcline, in addition to the major bands of pollucite. Heating the samples overnight at 105 C resulted in the disappearance of the water absorption bands at about 3500 cm 1 and 1680 cm 1. 

The methods used to create larger entities from fine particles so that the bulk properties of particulates can be improved is the subject of this book. These so-called size enlargement methods evidently concern a broad spectrum of technical disciplines and industries ranging from the relatively small scale requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturers through the tonnage requirements of the fertilizer and minerals processing industries. 

Alcohol may be fine in moderation, but in excess it is another story, and sometimes the line between one and the other is blurred. Dionysus, the Greek god of wine (and his Roman counterpart, Bacchus) and his followers, were the subjects of numerous paintings on walls and sarcophagi, as well as of mosaics. Hogarth s print, Gin Lane, on the other hand, leaves little doubt about which end of the virtue or vice spectrum inebriation inhabits. 

It should be noted that measuring particle sizes using a turbidity spectrum in the course of phase. separation gives additional and very important information about fine details of separation. In particular, the character of the time dependence of new-phase particle sizes allows one to judge the mechanism of phase. separation, but these questions concern phase. separation kinetics which is not the subject of the present book. 

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