Fine chemistry technologies

In 1993, shortly after the FDA announced their first policy statement on enantiopure drugs, separations of pharmaceutical compounds were performed using SMB technology [25, 26]. Other applications now include fine chemistry, cosmetics, and perfume industry [27]. 

Fig. 1. Demonstration of microprocess technology plant for fine chemistry at IMM...

Lugovy, M., Orlovskaya, N., Berroth, K., Kuebler, J., Analysis of layered composite with crack deflection controlled by layer thickness, in Proceedings of NATO AST Functional Gradient Materials and Surface Layers Prepared by Fine Particle Technology, Kiev, Ukraine, 18-28 June 2000, ed. M.-I. Baraton and I. Uvarova, NATO Science Series, II, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, 16, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 273-280, 2001. 

Vyacheslav V. Samoshin was born in Norilsk, Russian Federation. He graduated with an Honorable Diploma (M.S.) from Moscow State University in 1974. At the same university, he defended his Ph.D. dissertation under the supervision of academician Nikolay S. Zefirov in 1982, and his Doctor of Chemical Sciences dissertation in 1991. He worked as a researcher in the Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, and since 1992 as professor (head of the Division of Organic Chemistry in Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology). In 1999, he took his present position as professor of chemistry at the University of the Pacific, Stockton, California. His scientific interests include molecular switches, conformational analysis, synthesis and studies of bioactive compounds, including carbohydrate mimetics, asymmetric synthesis, and synthesis and studies of crown ethers and relative compounds. 

Furthermore, in the synthesis of fine chemicals typical process technology considerations, for example space-time-yield, are less important than for bulk chemicals. Because of the relatively small production outputs batch reactors are the most common apparatus in which to perform the synthesis. New chances in the field of fine chemistry may be offered by micro-reaction technology. Microstruc-tured systems can be used to improve heat transfer which may be critical for highly exothermic reactions and, furthermore, they may be also useful in reactions where fast mixing of components is recommended. 

Simulated moving beds have been successfully used during almost 30 years at a very large scale in petrochemistry. It appears clearly that this technology has a great potential for fine chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. More and more applications are described for the biochemical field (leading sometimes to 10 times lower eluent consumption compared to the usual chromatography). Because small-scale units are already available, SMBs can... 

Klementiev I.Yu., Investigations in the Field of Synthesis and Transformation of Polycycloorganosiloxanes, Candidate s Dissertation on chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, 1979, Moscow, USSR. (Rus). 

Thakar, N. Structured reactors for deactivating systems in fine chemistry 2007, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology. 

Baraton, Marie-Isabelle, and Irina Uvarova. Functional Gradient Materials and Surface Layers Prepared by Fine Particles Technology. Vol. 16 of Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry. NATO Science Series, ser. II. Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. 

Profile Founded in 1994, this privately held company develops and provides integrated discovery chemistry technologies and services in collaboration with pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and fine-chemical companies to accelerate the drug discovery process. In these partnerships, the companies provide the biological capabilities and Combichem provides the chemical expertise of the discovery process. Its mission is to provide a highly efficient and successful approach to the discovery of new drug molecules. 

Both recombinant (R)- and (S)-HNL have been successfully used in the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins at the plant-scale level. Their availability on a large-scale via fermentation and their striking similarities in reaction technology and chemical behavior have been crucial for the development of robust, cost-effective processes applicable to a wide variety of substrates. Exploitation of the possibilities of HNL technology has just begun. The large number of substrates and follow-up products with applications in fine chemistry reflects the attractiveness of this transformation. 

Among the families of solid bases, we have particularly studied three of them. The first two ones (MgLa mixed oxides and supported alkali fluorides) were applied to fine chemistry while in the third case (CuO), the role of the basic strength of this oxidant on the selective adsorption of NO in the NOx trap technology has been studied. In each case, a fundamental effeet of the active species dispersion on the catalyst basic strength and reactivity has been found. 

Many companies specialize in the production of chemicals grouped in chemical trees characterized by the same chemical roots (compoimds) or die same/similar method of manufacmring. Examples for different special technologies in fine chemistry are as follows ... 

Table 8.3 Applications of hierarchical porous zeolites in cleaner technologies for oil refining, petrochemical, and fine chemistry processes. 

Microfluidic systems (microreactors) provide great benefits, such as precise fluid-manipulation [1] and high controllability of rapid and difficult to control chemical reactions (see Part 2, Bulk and Fine Chemistry). Advantages of microreaction technology have been utilized in polymer chemistry notable examples include the synthesis of fine solid polymeric materials [2,3] and excellent control of exceptionally reactive polymerization through mainly radical and cationic polymerization reactions (see Chapters 13-15). Other polymerizations using microreaction technology are still in their infancy, vhich include step polymerization, that is, polycondensation and polyaddition and other non-radical polymerizations. 

Fine chemistry is the present major application area of microprocess technology. Degussa in Hanau, Germany, a leading fine-chemical company, has tested the new approach for various liquid and gas processes including even transfer to plasma... 

Dr. Pestov is a docent of the Inorganic Chemistry Department and a head of group on liquid crystals (LC) at the Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology. He earned his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1992. His research is focused on thermal analysis and thermodynamics of systems containing LC and physical properties of LC. He is an author of a Landolt-Bornstein volume and two books devoted to liquid crystals. 

Department of Chemistry - Centre for Fine Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-2829-516 Caparica,... 

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