Filtered fluid equation filter function

BecaiKe depectinized and filtered apple and grape Juices are Newtonian fluids, equations were derived by Bayindirli (1992,1993) that can be used to estimate their viscosities as a function of concentration and temperature. The equation for viscosity of both apple and grape Juices is of the form ... 

For filter design and performance prediction it is necessary to predict the rate of filtration (velocity or volumetric flowrate) as a function of pressure drop, and the properties of the fluid and particulate bed. This can be achieved using the modified Darcy equation developed in Chapter 3. 

A long-standing and broadly accepted measure of general renal function is the measurement of GFR, the rate at which fluid is filtered by the kidneys. GFR (mL/min) can be calculated using a wide number of techniques that employ variants of the equation GFR = (urine concentration x urine flow)/plasma concentration. 

The processes whereby water passes back and forth across the capillary wall are called filtration and absorption. The flow of water depends upon the relative magnitude of hydraulic and osmotic pressures across the capillary wall and is described quantitatively by the Kedem Katchalsky equations (the particular form of the equations applied to capillary water transport is referred to as Starling s Law). Recently, the physical mechanism of Starling s Law has been re-assessed [54]. Overall, in the steady state there is an approximate balance between hydraulic and osmotic pressures which leads to a small net flow of water. Generally, more fluid is filtered than is reabsorbed the overflow is carried back to the vascular system by the lymphatic circulation. The lymphatic network is composed of a large number of small vessels, the terminal branches of which are closed. Flap valves (similar to those in veins) ensure unidirectional flow of lymph back to the central circulation. The smallest (terminal) vessels are very permeable, even to proteins that occasionally leak from systemic capillaries. Lymph flow is determined by interstitial fluid pressure and the lymphatic pump (oneway flap valves and skeletal muscle contraction). Control of interstitial fluid protein concentration is one of the most important functions of the lymphatic system. If more net fluid is filtered than can be removed by the lymphatics, the volume of interstitial fluid increases. 

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