Filling modification effects

Thus it can be seen that the filling modification effects of inorganic whiskers are related to the variety of whiskers,... 

Therefore, in the practice of polymer filling modification, any extra effects of valuable performances of polymer materials must be prevented, and an integrated balance should be achieved among the contradictory effects. 

In the indirect method, surface-modified whiskers are filled into polymers to prepare composite materials and the surface modification effects of whiskers can be evaluated by studying characteristics of composites, such as mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This method is the most often used. 

Several research groups used another interesting column technology as an alternative to the modification of the capillary surface. This method is inherited from the field of electrophoresis of nucleic acids and involves capillaries filled with solutions of linear polymers. In contrast to the monolithic columns that will be discussed later in this review, the preparation of these pseudostationary phases need not be performed within the confines of the capillary. These materials, typically specifically designed copolymers [85-88] and modified den-drimers [89], exist as physically entangled polymer chains that effectively resemble highly swollen, chemically crosslinked gels. 

In the last 10 years, CNTs are successfully functionalized via end terminal or sidewall modification or filling with biomolecules, or conjugating with polymers the resulting biomolecules-CNTs nanocomposites own special properties such as optimized mechanical, optical, electronic, and magnetic, and have great potential application in industry, agriculture, defense, and bio-medicine. Effects of CNTs on the cells, human health, and environment also attract more and more attention CNTs potential hazards... 

In the course of dentin caries, both demineralization and reactions with the organic matrix take place. Matrix reactions include proteolysis and covalent modifications. From the introduction (Chapter 2) and the review on discoloration in caries (Chapter 3), it becomes clear that there are still few reports on the effect of matrix modifications on dentin caries. In Chapters 2, 4, and 5, the investigations were aimed at filling the information gap concerning the effect of reactions of dentin matrix on caries. To this end, degradation and modification of dentin were studied in demineralized specimens in vitro. In addition, specimens placed in dentures in situ and caries lesions in extracted teeth were analysed for modifications. 

Beside mechanical characterization, one important aim of this work is the evaluation of the effects of E-beam modification of PTFE powder on the friction and wear properties of PTFE-filled EPDM composites crosslinked by a radical-initiated peroxide system. Friction and wear properties of EPDM composites were... 

The use of irradiated PTFE powder in EPDM gives enhanced mechanical properties as compared to composites containing nonirradiated PTFE. The existence of compatibility between modified PTFE powder and EPDM is indirectly revealed by , DSC, and SEM. shows that modified PTFE powder (500 kGy-irradiated) is obviously but partially enwrapped by EPDM as compared to nonirradiated PTFE powder. This leads to a characteristic compatible interphase around the modified PTFE. The resultant chemically coupled PTFE-filled EPDM demonstrates exceptionally enhanced mechanical properties. Crystallization studies by DSC also reveal the existence of a compatible interphase in the modified-PTFE-coupled EPDM. The synergistic effect of enhanced compatibility by chemical coupling and microdispersion of PTFE agglomerates results in improvement of mechanical properties of PTFE-coupled EPDM compounds. In summary, an effective procedure both for the modification of PTFE powder as well as for the crosslinking of PTFE-filled EPDM by electron treatment has been developed for the preparation of PTFE-coupled EPDM compounds with desired properties. 

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