Figure of merit values

A normalized conversion efficiency of 7% W xcm 2 was achieved in a first experiment. Although very high propagation loss of about 100 dB/cm at the 800 nm second harmonic wavelength resulted from the repoling, these figure of merit values were further increased to 14% W xcm 2 for a 1 mm device [78]. It is probable that the interface between the two oppositely poled regions is the source of the loss. Another theoretical route that requires special materials... 

The ceramic based on lead zirconate (PZ) has intermediate figure of merit values. Its final form as a thin plate is obtained by sawing up a hot-pressed block and lapping and polishing to the required dimensions. Similar methods must be applied to single crystals and so the costs of manufacture are not very different. 

Achievements in thermoelectricity during the recent 30-40 years are first of all due to the progress in the creation of a thermoelectric material with high figure of merit values... 

For example, counting efficiency of a 2% aqueous sample is 47%, of a 13% sample is 38%, of a 42% sample is 23% and of a 50% sample is 20%. The maximum Figure of Merit value occurs about 7 to 8 ml of aqueous sample in 10 ml of cocktail for those cocktails with sufficient sample capacity. For those cocktails of more limited sample capacity, the maximum Figure of Merit occurs at the maximum sample load. 

Similar to 2-2 composite more comphcated geometiy was reported for 3-1 connectivity pattern (Zhang et al. 1996). Honeycomb PZT stracture was manufactured by the extrusion technique. Consequently the inner faces are electroded and the voids are either hlled by the polymer (which results in stiffer stmcture) or left empty and end-capped by the additional polymer plate. This configuration allows for higher effective hydrostatic figure of merit. Values as high as ... 

FOM figure of merit values indicates the best accuracy achievable from the... 

At optical wavelength of 1.3. m. Values given are figures of merit. 

Another strategy reported by Sales links back to the superlattices discussed in Section 7.2.1.4. It was suggested by Mildred Dresselhaus s group at MIT (Hicks et al. 1993) that semiconductor quantum wells would have enhanced figures of merit compared with the same semiconductor in bulk form. PbTe quantum wells were confined by suitable intervening barrier layers. From the results, ZT values of 2 were estimated from single quantum wells. This piece of research shows the intimate links often found nowadays between apparently quite distinct functional features in materials. 

Figure 2.8. The slopes and residuals are the same as in Figure 2.4 (50,75,100, 125, and 150% of nominal black squares), but the A -values are more densely clustered 90, 95, 100, 105, and 110% of nominal (gray squares), respectively 96, 98, 100, 102, and 104% of nominal (white squares). The following figures of merit are found for the sequence bottom, middle, top the residual standard deviations +0.00363 in all cases the coefficients of determination 0.9996, 0.9909, 0.9455 the relative confidence intervals of b +3.5%, +17.6%, 44.1%. Obviously the extrapolation penalty increases with decreasing Sx.x, and can be readily influenced by the choice of the calibration concentrations. The difference in Sxx (6250, 250 resp. 40) exerts a very large influence on the estimated confidence limits associated with a, b, Y(x), and X( y ).

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of CdTe QDs were examined by Z-scan and FWM experiments in the nonresonant wavelength region. We found that the two-photon absorption cross section, a, is as high as 10 GM, although this value decreases with decreasing size. In addition, the nonlinear response is comparable to the pulse width of a fs laser and the figures of merit (FOM = Re Xqd/ Xqd)... 

Winter, Underhill, and co-workers have published extensively on the cubic NLO properties of complexes of DT and related ligands,411 22 particularly those containing formally Ni11 centers. For example, time-resolved 1,064 nm DFWM was used to obtain resonantly enhanced values for group 10 complexes such as (157).411 15 The smaller of (157) compared with (156) is largely due to resonance effects since the absorption maximum of (157) is somewhat removed from the laser fundamental. However, figures of merit derived from measurements of 2 and linear and two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficients show that low optical losses render complexes such as (157) superior to (156)413 for potential all-optical switching applications.411 14... 

Remember that the NEP is defined as the incident signal power required to obtain a signal equal to the noise in 1 Hz bandwidth. Note that NEP is a measure of the S/N ratio, not just noise. The NEP and r both depend on the thermal conductance G, and sensitivity and speed of response can be traded off by varying G, with the constant NEP, the value of (r)1/2 being a useful figure of merit. 

The fundamental figure of merit for rectification, the rectification ratio, RR, is defined as the current at a positive bias V divided by the absolute value of the current at the corresponding negative bias —V RR = I(V)/ /(—V) I. Commercial doped Si, Ge, or GaAs pn junction rectifiers have RR between 10 and 100. 

The thermal resistance will be temperature-dependent as canbe seen in Eq. (3.24), which is not only a consequence of the temperature dependence of the thermal heat conduction coefficients. The measured membrane temperature, Tm, is related to the location of the temperature sensor, so that the temperature distribution across the heated area will also influence the thermal resistance value. The nonlinearity in Eq. (3.24) is, nevertheless, small. The expression thermal resistance consequently often refers to the coefficient t]o only, which is used as a figure of merit and corresponds, according to Eqs. (3.24) and (3.25), to the thermal resistance or thermal efficiency of the microhotplate at ambient temperature, Tq. The temperature Tm can be determined from simulations with distinct heating powers. The thermal resistance then can be extracted from these data. 

The LOQ is the lowest level that an analyte can be quantitated with any degree of certainty. The determination of LOQ is similar to that for LOD and there are several accepted approaches, although one should be consistent in the manner in which these figures of merit are calculated within a given method. Because the calculation of LOD and LOQ are similar and one can be inferred from the other, it is common to see LOD and LOQ reported together even though the method type may not require both values. 

The reflections involved in these triplets have i u and iii.u large but l i small. This differs from the other figures of merit in that it establishes a consistency between the amplitudes and phases of the strong reflections with a small set of weak reflections. Correct phase sets usually give a value of To close to unity. 

As we mentioned before, G(s) is a structure dependent constant that describes the number of scissions per unit absorbed dose and in that sense can be compared to a photochemical quantum efficiency. The G(s) of a radiation-sensitive polymer is a figure of merit that can be used in comparing one material with another. There is a very high correlation between G(s) values to gamma radiation (the radiation most commonly used for determining G(s)) and high sensitivity for lithographic materials used in either electron beam, ion beam or x-ray exposure. 

---