Merit value

A normalized conversion efficiency of 7% W xcm 2 was achieved in a first experiment. Although very high propagation loss of about 100 dB/cm at the 800 nm second harmonic wavelength resulted from the repoling, these figure of merit values were further increased to 14% W xcm 2 for a 1 mm device [78]. It is probable that the interface between the two oppositely poled regions is the source of the loss. Another theoretical route that requires special materials... 

The ceramic based on lead zirconate (PZ) has intermediate figure of merit values. Its final form as a thin plate is obtained by sawing up a hot-pressed block and lapping and polishing to the required dimensions. Similar methods must be applied to single crystals and so the costs of manufacture are not very different. 

Achievements in thermoelectricity during the recent 30-40 years are first of all due to the progress in the creation of a thermoelectric material with high figure of merit values... 

For example, counting efficiency of a 2% aqueous sample is 47%, of a 13% sample is 38%, of a 42% sample is 23% and of a 50% sample is 20%. The maximum Figure of Merit value occurs about 7 to 8 ml of aqueous sample in 10 ml of cocktail for those cocktails with sufficient sample capacity. For those cocktails of more limited sample capacity, the maximum Figure of Merit occurs at the maximum sample load. 

Similar to 2-2 composite more comphcated geometiy was reported for 3-1 connectivity pattern (Zhang et al. 1996). Honeycomb PZT stracture was manufactured by the extrusion technique. Consequently the inner faces are electroded and the voids are either hlled by the polymer (which results in stiffer stmcture) or left empty and end-capped by the additional polymer plate. This configuration allows for higher effective hydrostatic figure of merit. Values as high as ... 

FOM figure of merit values indicates the best accuracy achievable from the... 

The selectivity of an electrophile, measured by the extent to which it discriminated either between benzene and toluene, or between the meta- and ara-positions in toluene, was considered to be related to its reactivity. Thus, powerful electrophiles, of which the species operating in Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions were considered to be examples, would be less able to distinguish between compounds and positions than a weakly electrophilic reagent. The ultimate electrophilic species would be entirely insensitive to the differences between compounds and positions, and would bring about reaction in the statistical ratio of the various sites for substitution available to it. The idea has gained wide acceptance that the electrophiles operative in reactions which have low selectivity factors Sf) or reaction constants (p+), are intrinsically more reactive than the effective electrophiles in reactions which have higher values of these parameters. However, there are several aspects of this supposed relationship which merit discussion. 

At optical wavelength of 1.3. m. Values given are figures of merit. 

No single value for a profitability estimate should be accepted without further consideration. An inteUigent consideration of the cumula-tive-cash-flow and cumulative-discounted-cash-flow curves such as those shown in Fig. 9-10, together with experience and good judgment, is the best way of assessing the financial merit of aprojec t. 

Another strategy reported by Sales links back to the superlattices discussed in Section 7.2.1.4. It was suggested by Mildred Dresselhaus s group at MIT (Hicks et al. 1993) that semiconductor quantum wells would have enhanced figures of merit compared with the same semiconductor in bulk form. PbTe quantum wells were confined by suitable intervening barrier layers. From the results, ZT values of 2 were estimated from single quantum wells. This piece of research shows the intimate links often found nowadays between apparently quite distinct functional features in materials. 

There was some argument in the literature over the relative merits and demerits of the JKR and the DMT theories [23-26], but the controversy has now been satisfactorily resolved. A critical comparison of the JKR and DMT theories can be obtained from the literature [23-30]. According to Tabor [23], JKR theory is valid when the dimensionless parameter given by Eq. 25 exceeds a value of about five. 

A present-value analysis that contains such uncertain factors generally requires a little ingenuity in assessing the full merits of an engineering project. 

Tcoi and Trii are both important in the understanding of relative merits of candidate cooling systems, and we shall later emphasise the difference between Tcoi and Tn,. Without improvements in materials and/or heat transfer, it is doubtful whether much higher values can be achieved in practice as a result, a practical limit on plant efficiency may be near, before the stoichiometric limit is reached. Below we refer to Tcoi as T, the maximum... 

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