Lasers fundamentals

Silfvast, W. T. (1996) Laser Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Svelto, O. (1998) Principles of Lasers, 2nd edn, Kluwer, Dordrecht. 

Winter, Underhill, and co-workers have published extensively on the cubic NLO properties of complexes of DT and related ligands,411 22 particularly those containing formally Ni11 centers. For example, time-resolved 1,064 nm DFWM was used to obtain resonantly enhanced values for group 10 complexes such as (157).411 15 The smaller of (157) compared with (156) is largely due to resonance effects since the absorption maximum of (157) is somewhat removed from the laser fundamental. However, figures of merit derived from measurements of 2 and linear and two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficients show that low optical losses render complexes such as (157) superior to (156)413 for potential all-optical switching applications.411 14... 

Figure 3. Partial representation of frequencies available from the Nd. YAG fundamental (1) harmonics (2-5), YAG-pumped dye laser fundamental (Dye O), and stimulated Raman H2 and D2 shifts thereof. The Dye regions are approximations to the average envelopes of four dyes Coumarin 500, and Rhodamines 590, 610,...

Repeating these experiments using the YAG laser fundamental (1064nm, 1.17 eV), adjusting the energy to achieve the same calculated temperature jump, gave essentially identical (Q, J, A)-state distributions. The inversion of population in the two spin-orbit levels, the population plateau for internal energies below 300 cm and the rapid fall-off of rotational population for... 

Silfvast, W. T. In Laser Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996. 

Essentially, a small part of the laser pulse train that is ultimately used to trigger the photocathode is split off to create a synchronized laser probe pulse train. The probe line is equipped with different nonlinear optical devices that permit the tunability of the probe beam from the near UV to the NIR. Available probe sources include the laser fundamental (790 nm) and second harmonic (395 nm), a white-light continuum (470-750 nm) generated in a sapphire plate, and a continuously tunable Optical Parametric Amplifier (470-750 nm, 1000-1600 nm, and 240-375 nm by SHG), able to deliver light pulses shorter than 30 fs after compression. 

A wide variety of lasers have been used in combination with trapping mass spectrometers. Two lasers in particular are incorporated already into many commercial mass spectrometers the CO2 (X= 10.6 pm or 0.12 eV photon ) and nitrogen (X=337 nm or 3.68 eV photon ) lasers. The former is used for performing infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) experiments (mostly in ICR instruments, see Section 9.3) while the latter is used commonly in MALDl ionization sources. Other commonly-used lasers are Q-switched Nd YAG lasers (fundamental X= 1064 nm... 

Fiber Laser Fundamentals Fiber Laser Components CW Fiber Lasers Pulsed Fiber Lasers Other Fiber Lasers Applications of Fiber Lasers Future Developments... 

The following sections provide a comprehensive review of optical fiber laser technology, commencing in Section I with a brief introdnction to fiber laser fundamentals. Section II describes the components often nsed in fiber lasers, emphasizing those properties relevant to the performance of fiber lasers. Sections III-V review the typical performance characteristics of the main classes of fiber laser, covering continnons wave lasers, pnlsed lasers, and other fiber laser sonrces. The article conclndes in Sections VI and VII with a brief review of some fiber laser applications, and an overview of past and possible fnture developments in fiber laser technology. 

Lasers, Oxford University Press, London. Laser Fundamentals, Cambridge University... 

Silfvast, William Thomas. Laser Fundamentals. 2d ed. New York Cambridge University Press, 2004. Covers topics from laser basics to advanced laser physics and engineering. 

The dyes for the UV spectral range (below 380-400 nm) are not photochemically stable. In most analytical applications, intense UV radiation below 360 nm is obtained by nonlinear optics, i.e., the generation of harmonics and sum frequencies of the visible dye laser radiation in nonlinear crystals. The most widely employed crystals are KDP. ADP, LiF, LilOs, and BBO. For example, the second harmonic of a rhodamine dye laser (fundamental band near 640 nm) is a more practical way to obtain tunable UV radiation near 320 nm rather than direct lasing of an unstable UV dye laser. 

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