Field ionization delayed

DGE a AC AMS APCI API AP-MALDI APPI ASAP BIRD c CAD CE CF CF-FAB Cl CID cw CZE Da DAPCI DART DC DE DESI DIOS DTIMS EC ECD El ELDI EM ESI ETD eV f FAB FAIMS FD FI FT FTICR two-dimensional gel electrophoresis atto, 10 18 alternating current accelerator mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atmospheric pressure ionization atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization atmospheric pressure photoionization atmospheric-pressure solids analysis probe blackbody infrared radiative dissociation centi, 10-2 collision-activated dissociation capillary electrophoresis continuous flow continuous flow fast atom bombardment chemical ionization collision-induced dissociation continuous wave capillary zone electrophoresis dalton desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization direct analysis in real time direct current delayed extraction desorption electrospray ionization desorption/ionization on silicon drift tube ion mobility spectrometry electrochromatography electron capture dissociation electron ionization electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization electron multiplier electrospray ionization electron transfer dissociation electron volt femto, 1CT15 fast atom bombardment field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry field desorption field ionization Fourier transform Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance... 

When the pulsed-field ionization signal of a single excited Rydberg peak is measured as a function of the delay time between the extraction field pulse... 

Measurement of the survival probability of Rydberg molecules as a function of delay time for pulsed-field ionization. 

A third resonance method which has been used to measure the intervals of alkali and Ba Rydberg atoms is delayed field ionization which takes advantage of the increase of the lifetime with L The method used by Safinya et al.15 in the study of Cs nf rch and ni —> ni transitions is typical. Atoms are excited to the ni states in a manner similar to the one used by Fredriksson et al.,1 except that pulsed... 

The interaction chamber-quadrupole setup can be replaced by a field ionization chamber and channeltron ion detector. The channeltron detects the ions produced and deflected by the pulsed electric field. For most of these studies, a pulsed electric field of 5 kV per cm delayed by 5 f s with respect to the final laser was used. 

Two types of time resolved experiments can be carried out on such a system. The less ambiguous approach is that employed in the stilbene—He study (fig. 10.5) in which a second laser, time delayed from the pump laser, is used to excited the state. Smith and Knee (1993) have used picosecond time resolved TPES spectroscopy in which zero-energy electrons are collected as a function of the probe laser wavelength. [Laser based TPES has also been called zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) electron spectroscopy or pulsed field ionization (PFI) (Muller-Dethlefs and Schlag, 1991)]. Figure... 

Perhaps, the most important PES development over the past two decades is the introduction of pulsed field ionization-zero electron kinetic energy (PFI-ZEKE) technique. " Other names in use for this technique include ZEKE-PFI, PFI-PE, or simply ZEKE. PFI-ZEKE involves the detection of electrons produced by delayed, pulsed, electric field ionization of very high-lying... 

An alternative to PFI-ZEKE would be mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI), where cations rather than ZEKE electrons are detected.In principle, MATI is attractive because of the inherent mass selection. However, MATI experiments are difficult to implement because of ion separation fields affecting the high Rydberg levels required for delayed pulsed field ionizations. The technique has so far only been used for the smallest metal molecules. ... 

Two different approaches have been used to observe quantum beats of the Na nd states using electric field ionization of Rydberg atoms in an atomic beam. These experiments rely on the fact that states of the same n and I but different m are ionized by different electric fields. In the experiments of Leuchs and Walther an ionizing field was applied at a variable time after the laser excitation. The ion signal versus delay time yields a signal similar to those observed by Haroche et and leys et... 

Figure 3. High-resolution spectrum of the transition 4f 6s6p Po 4p 6s30d Di of Yb, obtained by delayed field ionization. (Taken from Ref. 20.)...

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