Ionization electric field

Accelerated electrons in the applied electric field ionize gas molecules, and in these ionization processes extra electrons are created. In the steady state the loss of charged particles is balanced by their production. Due to their much lower mass, electrons move much faster than ions. As a result, charge separation creates... 

When an atom is placed in a DC electric field, ionization becomes possible as soon as the atom is excited above the saddlepoint in the Coulomb + DC field potential, which lies at an energy AE = Here, both the lowering of... 

The method is based on spraying an analyte through a syringe into an electrical field. Ionization of analyte molecules consists of coulomb explosions, resulting in fully desolvated ions migrating towards the mass analyzer. The spectra obtained by ESI MS are mostly composed of multiple charged ions of the... 

Perhaps, the most important PES development over the past two decades is the introduction of pulsed field ionization-zero electron kinetic energy (PFI-ZEKE) technique. " Other names in use for this technique include ZEKE-PFI, PFI-PE, or simply ZEKE. PFI-ZEKE involves the detection of electrons produced by delayed, pulsed, electric field ionization of very high-lying... 

Two different approaches have been used to observe quantum beats of the Na nd states using electric field ionization of Rydberg atoms in an atomic beam. These experiments rely on the fact that states of the same n and I but different m are ionized by different electric fields. In the experiments of Leuchs and Walther an ionizing field was applied at a variable time after the laser excitation. The ion signal versus delay time yields a signal similar to those observed by Haroche et and leys et... 

Figure 4. Classification of RIS schemes A) Nonresonance photoionization to a continuum B) Pho-toionization via an auloionization state C) Electric field ionization of a Rydberg state...

Traces of Na, Al, and B in high purity Ge were detected by RIS with direct electrothermal atomization of solid Ge chips in vacuum. For all these elements, two-step excitation of Rydberg states and electric field ionization were used. The meas-... 

Electric-field ionization of highly excited (Rydberg) states... 

Dietrich H-J, Miiller-Dethlefs K and Baranov LY (1996) Fractional Stark state selective electric field ionization of very high- Rydberg states in molecules. Physical Review Letters 76 3530-3533. 

---