Field Experiment Results

Field transport of a persistent organochlorine (tetradifon) and a degradable organophosphorous (azinphosmethyl) insecticide was examined under dry and wet irrigation treatments followed by winter precipitation (Yaron et al. 1974). In the dry irrigation 

Berkowitz et al. Contaminant Geochemistry Transport and Fate in the Subsurface Environment. 

Pesticides Formula Solubility in water (mg/L) Chemical name 

Atrazine C H CIN 30 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopro-pylamino-1,3,5-tiiazine 

Azinphosmethyl C, H,N303PS, 30 0,0-dimethyl S-[(4-oxo-l,2,3-benzotriazin-3 (4H)-yl) methyl] phosphorodithioate 

---

Chijimatsu, M., Fujita, T., Sugita, Y., Amemiya, K. and Kobayashi, A. 2001. Field experiment, results and THM behavior in the Kamaishi mine experiment. Int.J. of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp.67-78 Jing, L., Stephansson, O., Tsang, C-F. and Kautsky, F. 1996. DECOVALEX -Mathematical Models of Couples T-H-M Processes for Nuclear Waste Repositories. Executive Summary for Phases I, II and HI, SKI Report 96 58. 

To determine this, it is necessary that certain assumptions, based on field experience, are made for a possible grotinding system and if necessary, further modifications made to anive at the desired results and design ... 

Criteria 2 to 6 are pragmatic criteria which are only applicable to qualitative explanations. These criteria only give qualitative information which is dealt with further below (Section 3.3.3.1). Criterion 7 gives better information with potential test probes (see Section 3.3.3.2). In all the criteria it must be remembered that only mixed potentials can be measured for extended objects to be protected [see the explanation to Eqs. (3-19) and (3-28)]. Criteria 5 and 6 are particularly to be observed for objects [22]. A comparison of the different criteria in field experiments has shown that, besides Criterion 1, good results are obtained with Criterion 3 [26]. 

Table 4-2 shows as an example of the relationship between the results of field experiments [11] and the class of soil. In general, the time dependence of the corrosion rate can be represented as follows for t > 4a ... 

The r values from Eq. (5-1) for the most important materials for pipe coatings are given in Table 5-1. Table 5-2 contains results of long-term field experiments. For comparison, the values of r°are included in Table 5-1. It can be seen that values are always smaller than r values, which is apparently due to the absorption of water when the coating is immersed in the medium. A marked reduction in the coating resistance has been observed with increasing temperature for resins [9,13,14] (see Fig. 5-2 [14]). 

Such rules of thumb resulting from field experience give me not just isolated shortcut design parameters, but a system of understanding to do the design job. What a help ... 

The GIDEP Reliability-maintainability Data Bank (RMDB) has failure rates, failure modes, replacement rates, mean time between failure (MTBF) and mean time to repair (MTTR) on components, equipment, subsystems and systems. The RMDB includes field experience data, laboratory accelerated life test data, reliability and maintainability demonstration test results. The... 

Performance Properties. Results of years of field experience have revealed that to reduce the risk of failure, the minimum yield strength should be used instead of average yield strength to determine the performance properties of casing. 

Figure 9 illustrates the consequences for battery practice. The above penetration rate would reduce the cross—section of a grid spine in a tubular electrode by about 50% within the usual service life of 15 years. This result is confirmed by field experience and shows that long-life batteries must have a corresponding "corrosion reserve" in their positive grids. 

The qualitative analysis developed in the previous section is now complemented by examining correlations between the sound field and the flame dynamics. This is accomplished by comparing time traces of pressure fluctuation p and light emission I signals recorded during the various experiments. Results are displayed in Figures 5.2.11 and 5.2.12, respectively, for the various... 

Interest in long-term latent energy storage in the form of ice and snow dates back to 1975 [10]. The first field experiment was conducted in the winter of 1979-1980, referred to as Project Icebox because of the wooden structure in which the ice was formed, stored, and melted. The water layer was simply exposed to ambient conditions and allowed to freeze. Results indicated that... 

The results of two field experiments involving a statistically significant number of wells indicated that quaternary ammonium salt polymers can function well as swelling clay and mineral fine particle stabilizers under actual field conditions. 

With the developed concepts, a number of field experiments were conducted in the chemical process industry. A first experiment was carried out in a small company in The Netherlands. From this first trial, it was evident that the concepts of precursors, the model of the organisational control process and the structure of these concepts had to be adapted to obtain better and more reliable results. The improvements led to the development of a structured protocol of seven clearly defined stages. By applying this 7-stage protocol to the data of the small company, safety risks could pro-actively be identified and the accidents which the company had already experienced, could be explained. 

Previous studies of Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCE) have used a correlation between the mass of a gas in the cloud and equivalent mass of TNT to predict explosion overpressures. This was always thought to give conservative results, but recent research evidence indicates that this approach is not accurate to natural gas and air mixtures. The TNT models do not correlate well in the areas near to the point of ignition, and generally over estimate the level of overpressures in the near field. Experiments on methane explosions in "unconfined" areas have indicated a maximum overpressure of 0.2 bar (2.9 psio). This overpressure then decays with distance Therefore newer computer models have been generated to better simulate the effects... 

---