Fibrosis mechanisms

Burstein B, Nattel S. Atrial fibrosis mechanisms and clinical relevance in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 51 802-9. 

Trog D, Bank P, Wendt TG et al. (1999) Daily amifostine given concomitantly to chemoradiation in head and neck cancer. A pilot study. Strahlenther Onkol 175 444-449 Tsoutsou PG, Koukourakis MI (2006) Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and implications for future research. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66 1281-1293... 

Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity Chronic damage to the lungs may be due to several subsequent exposures or due to one large dose that markedly exceeds the capacity of pulmonary defense, clearance, and repair mechanisms. Chronic pulmonary toxicity includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. The single most important reason for chronic pulmonary toxicity is tobacco smoke, which induces all types of chronic pulmonary toxicity, with the exception of fibrosis. 

Rowe SM, Miller SM, Sorscher EJ. Mechanisms of disease cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2005 352 1992-2001. 

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disease of increased intestinal iron absorption and deposition in hepatic, cardiac, and pancreatic tissue. Hepatic iron overload results in the development of fibrosis, hepatic scarring, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hemochromatosis can also be caused by repeated blood transfusions, but this mechanism rarely leads to cirrhosis. 

Fibrosis is a dynamic progression of dysregulated wound healing that results from chronic inflammation. It is a common pathology regardless of the tissue involved, and therefore, the mechanisms that progress to fibrosis can be widely applied. The recruitment, activation, and proliferation of inflammatory cells and their cooperation with resident cells appears to rely on the action of chemokines and the differential expression of the chemokine receptors by these cells. Thus, chemokine receptors make particularly attractive therapeutic targets. 

Mutsaers SE, Bishop JE, McGrouther G, Laurent GJ. Mechanisms of tissue repair from wound healing to fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997 29(1) 5-17. 

Kaviratne M, Hesse M, Leusink M, et al. IL-13 activates a mechanism of tissue fibrosis that is completely TGF-beta independent. J Immunol 2004 173(6) 4020-4029. 

Strutz F, Neilson EG. New insights into mechanisms of fibrosis in immune renal injury. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2003 24(4) 459 176. 

Gauldie J. Inflammatory mechanisms are a minor component of the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 165(9) 1205-1206. 

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