Fibres cutting

According to investigations reported by Jenkins and G. Davies [28] and by T. Urbafiski [29] the dissolution and gelatinization of nitrocellulose begins at the ends of fibres cut in the beating process. 

Low consistency refining, with some fibre cutting at the bars... 

Cellulose films and fibres 210 000 Usage directly related to production of cellulose acid is consumed during the extrusion process, which results in the regeneration of the cellulose and the formation of Na2S04. Market now stable it declined sharply when polyolefin films penetrated the packaging market and polyester and other synthetic fibres cut into the cellulose fibre market... 

Fig. 6 demonstrates an excellent agreement of theoretical (points 3) 6Uid experimental (points 1,2) dependence 6 on n. Experimental values are obtained by study of cord fibres cuts and buttends of steel rods bvuidles (ref. 12). The maximum difference between pore diameters, determined by mercury penitration and by model was 19%. 

New materials also emerged. Nylon, developed brilliantly by W. H. Carothers and his team of research workers for Du Pont as a fibre in the mid-1930s, was first used as a moulding material in 1941. Also in 1941 a patent taken out by Kinetic Chemical Inc. described how R. J. Plunkett had first discovered polytetrafluoroethylene. This happened when, on one occasion, it was found that on opening the valve of a supposedly full cylinder of the gas tetrafluoroethylene no gas issued out. On subsequently cutting up the cylinder it was found that a white solid, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), had been deposited on the inner walls of the cylinder. The process was developed by Du Pont and, in 1943, a pilot plant to produce their product Teflon came on stream. 

These consist of a number of parallel slots cut into the concrete surface. Each slot is then filled with a secondary anode of carbon/graphite fibres embedded in a conductive polymer grout. The current to each of these secondary anode systems is provided by a primary anode of platinised niobium wire placed in slots filled with conductive polymer which acts as the primary anode, these slots intersecting each slot of graphite fibre/conductive polymer at right angles. 

DSM and Allied Signal have developed carpet identification equipment that can identify specific plastics. Particularly carpet made of nylon 6 (or nylon 66) fibres are separated, cut into pieces, isolated, and converted by polycondensation into their monomeric components. The monomers can then be reused in the production of nylon. DSM and Allied Signal opened the world s first large scale carpet recycling plant in Augusta, Georgia, US in November 1999. This plant has a capacity of 90,000 tpa nylon 6 carpet waste (109). 

In the manufacture of man-made and synthetic textiles the base materials are extruded through tiny orifices producing continuous lengths of very fine fibres or filaments. The textiles are mostly used in this continuous filament form, but for some purposes the filaments may be cut up into short fibres and spun into a yam. 

Man-made fibres produced as continuous filaments and then cut into short lengths to match those of some natural fibres such as cotton or wool. The staple of cotton, wool, staple fibre, etc., is an indication of the average fibre length. Stark Rubber... 

A very large number of changes take place within the whole fibre suspension during the refining process and a precise interpretation of the influence of the process upon mechanical and other sheet properties therefore becomes extremely difficult. The more important effects can be summarised as follows. There is a shortening of the fibres arising from a cutting effect and part of the fibre cell wall is... 

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