Fibre spinning techniques

Fibre spinning techniques were primarily developed for the production of meat analogues. Unfortunately, their technical success did not result in cost competitive products and most of this type of extrusion processing has been shelved. 

The use of fibre-spinning techniques to texturise blood proteins, particu-... 

The techniques used in the Ml project were those of fibre spinning, open siphon, filament stretching, contraction flows, converging channel, opposing jets, climbing constants and falling drop methods. The results led to two major findings ... 

Polymers owe much of their attractiveness to their ease of processing. In many important techniques, sueh as injection moulding, fibre spinning and film formation, polymers are processed in the melt, so that their flow behaviour is of paramoimt importance. Because of the viscoelastie properties of polymers, their flow behaviour is much more complex than that of Newtonian liquids for which the viscosity is the only essential parameter. In polymer melts, the recoverable shear compliance, which relates to the elastic forces, is used in addition to the viscosity in the deseription of flow [48]. 

As non-degradable polyesters are quite common as textile materials, it comes as no surprise that their degradable counterparts are also readily processable into fibres. Polymer fibres are particularly interesting for biomedical applications, including wound dressings, controlled-release formulations and tissue engineering. Several spinning techniques result in the formation of polymer fibres. 

Having mentioned fibre spinning it is appropriate to describe briefly the techniques of wet spinning and dry spinning. For detailed accounts the... 

Cellulose acetate is the most important cellulose ester and various processing techniques for forming shaped bodies exist for this polymer. The mixed esters discussed above, CAP and CAB, are used predominantly for injection moulding applications in suitably plasticized form and are marketed as pellets. This is done for CA as well, but additionally, alternative processing routes are available where solution methods play an important role. This is in particular the case for fibre spinning and (thinner) film manufacture where cellulose diacetate (CDA) is dissolved in acetone and dry spun or solvent cast. Moreover, the traditional solventusing block process is employed for obtaining sophisticated, multicoloured thick sheets for applications like spectacle frames. 

Kleinert et al. [26] studied, for example, POM in a hollow fibre MR. The perovskite membranes used by the authors were produced from Ba(Co,Fe,Zr)03 (BCFZ) powder via phase inversion spinning technique. A tube-in-tube configuration was used while the catalyst was packed in the shell side of the reactor. 

Carbon nanotubes hold much promise but are currently very expensive to produce. However, researchers at Rice University have developed a carbon nanotube fibre (Behabtu et al., 2013). The fibre is produced using a wet spinning technique based on the short carbon nanotubes. Figure 1.6 shows the resultant yam used to both power and support a light. A paper by Devaux et al. (2007) describes the preparation and properties of both conductive polymer-based fibres and carbon nanotube-based nanocomposite fibres. 

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