Fiber washing

Synthetic fibers washing (Alkylphenol ethoxylates,) fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkane (olefine)-sulfonates, fatty alcohol (ether) sulfates, end-group-blocked fatty alcohol ethoxylates... 

Cotton-like chitosan obtained by spinning chitosan acetate salt into a coagulating bath of ethylene glycol, ice and NaOH fibers washed with water and methanol. 

Figure 9.15 DSM fiber washing unit (120° model) employing wedge-bar screening surface. (Courtesy Dorr-Oliver, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut)...

Table I. The Viscometric Average Degree of Polymerization (DP) of Cellulosic Fibers Washed in Water...

Summary A structure concept for durable hydrophilic silicone softeners is outlined. ABC-triblock copolymers forming polyloop polyquatemary structures were found to be very substantive on cotton fibers. A study on the adsorption kinetics suggests a two-step process (1) rapid coverage of the fiber surface, and (2) slow diffusion/spreading into the interior of the fiber. Washing experiments and subsequent evaluations of the soft hand prove the durability of the finish. XPS data indicate that after five washing cycles 60 to 70% of the new durable hydrophilic softeners remain on the fibers. For nondurable hydrophilic softeners a maximum substantive portion ranging from 20 to 40% was determined. 

By mixing CD or CD-polymer fragrance complexes to a melt mixture of synthetic fiber polymers (e.g., polyester) and weaving fabric from such fibers, wash-fast fragrant fabrics can be produced. 

An anodic aluminum oxide nanoporous membrane was used as a template for the synthesis of vertically aligned nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [57]. In a typical process, the precursor solution (18% PAN in DMF) was extruded through the template into a solidifying solution (a mixture of 40% DMF and 60% deionized water) where the precursor solution solidified. The template was then removed, and the solidified fibers washed with water and dried under air. Figure 9 shows SEM images of a surface formed by this technique that exhibits a WCA larger than 170°. 

From the data of the kinetics of vulcanization (fiber content—2% for all samples) we know that the addition of the fibers, which was obtained on cobalt catalyst regardless of laundered or not it reduces the induction period and the cure time, but fiber, washed from the metal, not much increase the viscosity of the technology (Table 2 of Section 5.1, Fig. 2 of Section 5.1). As we can see from the data on swelling, samples containing fiber swell more than rubber without filler, it s indicative of a lower density of chemical bonds in the vulcanizates containing fiber. 

Fiber wash due to loose compaction and/or high resin pressure. 

Unidirectional fabrics (UDFs) are manufactured by stitching parallel yams. They have much higher strength and stiffness in filament direction than all other fabric types. However, these mechanical properties are much lower in the transverse direction. UDFs are vulnerable to fiber wash under high resin pressure. 

Fig. 4. Staple fiber washing sequence 1, a hot acid wash (2% H2SO4 at 90°C) decomposes and washes out most of the insoluble zinc salts. This wash completes the regeneration of xanthate and removes as much sulfur as possible in the form of recoverable CS2 and H2S 2, an alkaline sodium sulfide desulfurization bath solubilizes sulfurous by-products and converts them into easily removed sulfides 3, a sulfide wash to remove the sulfides created in bath 2 4, a bleach bath (optional) uses very dilute hypochlorite or peroxide to improve fiber whiteness 5, a dilute acid or sour bath removes any remaining traces of metal ions and guarantees that any residual bleaching chemicals are destroyed 6, a controlled-pH freshwater final wash removes the last traces of acid and salt prior to drsdng and 7, a finish bath gives the fiber a soft handle for easy drying and subsequent processing.

In glass fiber-reinforced polyamides, surface degradation exposes glass fibers, so that surface texture and color may change soon after short-term weathering outdoors. If weathering lasts several years, the glass fibers wash out and the removal of surfaces layers is to be expected [689]. 

Figure 23(a). Atomic percentages of C, from C 1 ARXPS spectra, for (A) clean plate and alcohol-reacted plate (washed seven times) (B) clean fibers and alcohol-reacted fibers (unwashed) (C) clean fibers and alcohol-reacted fibers (washed seven times), (x) Clean plate or fibers (O) C12, ( ) Cu and (A) C j( alcohol-treated plate or fibers. [117]... 

The conunercial PBI polymer s)mthesis and fiber formation is a multi-step process. The polymer is made from 3,3, 4,4 -tetraaminobiphenyl and diphenyl isophthalate in a two-step, melt/solid polymerization process that produces PBI powder and byproducts of phenol and water (see Scheme 1). This process produces polymer with inherent viscosities (IV) of between 0.5 and 0.8 dL g, which corresponds to low to moderate molecular weights. The polymer is then dissolved under high pressure in DMAc/IiCl, filtered, dry spun into fibers, washed, dried, drawn, acid treated, and wound up for subsequent textile processing. A similar process is used to produce films. For films... 

Agnique PE IDA-6 Cola Mulse C-356 ColaSMulse D-356 DeTHOX TDA-8.5 Emulan P Ethylan TU Notfox Coco Powder Synperonic 13S emulsifier, aromatics Cola Mine CA-100 Cola Mulse DIE Cola Mulse ECA Cola Mulse SBC Cola Mulse TRP Foamquat lAES Foam-quat SOAS Foamquat WOAS Isosteara-midopropyl ethyidimonlum ethosulfate Lutensit LBA Monamulse 6S3-83D Monamulse 1255 Monamulse DBE Monamulse DLE Monamulse TRP emulsifier, artificial fiber washing UltranexNPeO UltranexNPTO emulsifier, artificial/syn. fibers UltranexNPIB... 

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