Fiber optic technology

The development of fiber optics technology, user-friendly displays, and enhanced data presentation capabihties have made on-line analysis acceptable within the plant manufactuting environment. However, it is apparent that a barrier stiU exists to some extent within many organizations between the process control engineers, the plant operations department, and the analytical function, and proper sampling is stiU the key to successful process analytical chemistry. The ultimate goal is not to handle the sample at ah. 

Optical connectors ate used to terminate and interconnect fiber optic cables (see Fiber OPTICS). Transmission of information by light through optical fibers made of glass or plastic is less expensive in many cases than transmission of electric signals through wire. An advantage of fiber optic technology is that it is... 

Further sensitivity enhancements of PDA are likely to stem from advanced flow-cell design using fiber-optic technology to extend the... 

Invasive continuous hepatic function monitoring by the fluorescence procedure was also evaluated in rabbits [148]. In this study, a commercial catheter equipped with fiber optic technology for mixed venous oxygen saturation measurements (SVO2) was modified to emit light at 780 nm and detect fluorescence at 840 nm. The catheter was placed into the right jugular vein and advanced... 

S. D. Personick, Fiber Optic Technology and Applications, Plenum Press, New York (1985), Ch. 2. L. L. Blyler, K. A. Cogan, and J. A. Ferrara, in Optical Fiber Materials and Properties, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh (1987), pp. 3-10. 

These analyzers are being used in incinerator stacks and other applications where samples are typically dirty or corrosive and high detection speeds are required. The incorporation of fiber-optic technology has provided a high degree of installation flexibility (Figure 3.38). 

Colloid concentrations in the eluent were determined with a Bio-Tek multichannel (optical densitometer with fiber-optics technology Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, VT) microplate reader, precalibrated with known concentrations of each colloid at 540 nm. Total metal concentration in the eluents was allocated to solution phase and colloidal phase (colloid-bound contaminant). The eluent samples were centrifuged for 30 min at 3500 rpm (x 2750 g) to separate the soluble contaminant fraction from the colloid-bound contaminant fraction. The absence of colloidal material in the supernatant solution was verified by filtration through a 0.2-pm membrane filter. The soluble metal (Cu, Zn, Pb) fractions were analyzed by atomic absorption (concentrations >0.5 mg/H) or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry (concentrations <0.5 mg/H). The colloid fraction was extracted with 1 M HNO3-HCI [32] solution and analyzed with the same methodology used for the soluble fraction. The results for the duplicate soil monoliths and for the two soils were combined for practical purposes, because the reproducibility between soil monoliths was within 15%. 

Fiber optic technology for in situ UV assay has received particular interest as it offers significant labor, time, and cost savings by eliminating the sampling and filtering stages of the dissolution test. A fiber optic... 

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