Fiber developments high performance fibers

Ryton fibers are high performance products developed by Phillips Petroleum Co. by reaction of -dichloroben2ene with sodium sulfide in the presence of a polar solvent according to the following ... 

Detailed accounts of fibers and carbon-carbon composites can be found in several recently published books [1-5]. Here, details of novel carbon fibers and their composites are reported. The manufacture and applications of adsorbent carbon fibers are discussed in Chapter 3. Active carbon fibers are an attractive adsorbent because their small diameters (typically 6-20 pm) offer a kinetic advantage over granular activated carbons whose dimensions are typically 1-5 mm. Moreover, active carbon fibers contain a large volume of mesopores and micropores. Current and emerging applications of active carbon fibers are discussed. The manufacture, structure and properties of high performance fibers are reviewed in Chapter 4, whereas the manufacture and properties of vapor grown fibers and their composites are reported in Chapter 5. Low density (porous) carbon fiber composites have novel properties that make them uniquely suited for certain applications. The properties and applications of novel low density composites developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are reported in Chapter 6. 

Van den Heuvel CJM and Klop EA, High-Performance Fibers - A Bird s eye View of their Structure, Properties and Applications", paper presented at the "9th Twaron Symposium", Konigswinter, Germany, 24/25 April, 2002. Van Krevelen DW, "New Developments in the Field of Flame-Resistant Fibres", Angew Makromol Chem 22 (1972) 133-158. 

This book is about materials in fibrous form, precisely what the title says. Perhaps the only thing that needs to be emphasized is that the materials aspects of fibers are highlighted. The main focus is on the triad of processing, microstructure, and properties of materials in a fibrous form. I have kept the mathematics to the bare minimum necessary. More emphasis is placed on physical and chemical insights. Although all kinds of fibers are touched upon, there is a distinct tilt toward synthetic, nonapparel-type fibers. This is understandable inasmuch as the second half of the twentieth century has seen tremendous research and development activity in this area of high performance fibers, mainly for use as a reinforcement in a variety of matrix materials. 

Dura fiber that was developed by Hill Brothers Chemical Co. in the United States has been widely adopted for cement reinforcement in the industrialized countries. It has triggered a great deal of interest that led to the development of high-performance fibers for cement reinforcement. 

In conclusion, the industrial development of thermotropic polyesters was traced through its theoretical origins, the identification of useful compositions, and ultimately to full commercialization of Xydar and Vectra, Commercialization of other thermotropic resins will, in all likelihood, be announced soon, as will high performance fibers made from variants of polymers described herein. 

All of the above applications utilize PBI s thermal and flame protection and its comfort [23,20,21,24]. Celanese has also developed many blends of PBI with other high performance fibers to optimize specific performance and minimize costs while maintaining thermal protection and comfort. 

Habel, K., Viviani, M., Denarie, E., Bruhwiler, E. (2006) Development of the mechanical properties of an ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), Cement and Concrete Research, 36 1362—70. 

Fibers are the basic element of nonwovens world consumption of fibers in nonwoven production is 63% polypropylene, 23% polyester, 8% viscose rayon, 2% acrylic, 1.5% polyamide and 3% other high performance fibers [8]. The data in Fig. 10.4 shows the market share of important polymers and fibers in the nonwovens market. Manufacturers of nonwoven products can make use of almost any kind of fibers. These include traditional textile fibers, as well as recently developed hi-tech fibers. Future advancements will be in bicomponent fibers, micro-fibers (split bicomponent fibers or meltblown nonwovens), nano-fibers, biodegradable fibers, super-absorbent fibers and high performance fibers. The selection of raw fibers, to a considerable degree, determines the properties of the final nonwoven products. The selection of fibers also depends on customer requirement, cost, processability, changes of properties because of web formation and consolidation. The fibers can be in the form of filament, staple fiber or even yam. 

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