Fiber blooming

In relation to pultruded products, fiber blooming is the exposure of fibers at the surface of the product. Also, in pultrusion, undercure blooming is a dull, often whitish appearance on the surface of a pultruded product resulting from inadequate curing of the resin at the surface. 

Reinforced plastics Prevent fiber bloom Outdoor laminates... 

Morrison, J.H. Foote, S.L. Molliver, M.E. Bloom, F.E. and Lidov, H.G.W. Noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers innervate complementary layers in monkey primary visual cortex An immunohistochemi-cal study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 2401-2405, 1982. 

Scheibel, T., Kowal, A. S., Bloom, J. D., and Lindquist, S. L. (2001). Bidirectional amyloid fiber growth for a yeast prion determinant. Curr. Biol. 11, 366-369. 

Bloom (12J reported that in both older rats (63 days of age) and younger rats (33 days of age) the amount of calcium retained was less when 5% dried spinach, either raw or cooked, was included in the diet in 1-week balance studies (Figure 1). The experimental diets contained about 0.4% calcium, and one drop of cod liver oil was given each rat every day. Most of the calcium excretion on the spinach diet was in the feces. Retentions of calcium on the basal low fiber diet and on diets containing filter paper in amounts to equal the crude fiber in spinach or 12 times the crude fiber in spinach were high. There was no significant difference in calcium retentions between raw and cooked spinach. The low retention of calcium from spinach could not be attributed to the presence of crude fiber in the diet. 

P.R.48 4 does not bloom in plasticized PVC and is almost completely fast to bleeding. Its tinctorial strength in this medium is equally good. Desirable dielectric properties make P.R.48 4 a suitable candidate for use in PVC cable insulations. The pigment is also used for mass colored secondary acetate threads, fibers, and films wherever it meets the requirements for application. 

The cotton fibers used in textile commerce are the dried cell walls of formerly living cells. Botanically, cotton fibers are trichomes or seed coat hairs that differentiate from epidermal cells of the developing cottonseed. The cotton flower blooms only for one day and quickly becomes senescent thereafter. On the day of full bloom, or anthesis, the flower petals are pure white in most G. hirsutum varieties. By the day after anthesis, the petals turn bright pink in color and, usually by the second day after anthesis, the petals fall off the developing carpel (boll). The day of anthesis serves as a reference point for all subsequent events in the seed and fiber development. 

On transverse section of the pedicel, two kinds of laticifers, a convex arc and a concave one, were observed in the peripheral bundle and in the central one, respectively. The placenta traces (placentae) and the valve traces (valves) through the capsule wall appeared light microscopically as dense masses of branching vascular tissues in chlorenchyma within the epicarp. The former were fewer in number and smaller in diameter than the latter. The placenta traces contained laticifers but no fibers. The valve traces became the main source of latex. No laticifers were detected in the ovule however, the terminals of the laticifers were observed near the junction of the placenta and ovule. Laticifers appeared in the phloem of the sepals and petals during blooming. Laticifers were detected in the stamen traces in the thalamus but not in the stamens. The ends of laticifers were detected in ovule traces. The diameters of laticifers in the ovary 2 weeks before petal fall were as large as those in the mature capsule. 

Because the E F method is medium friendly, a variety of growing mediums may be used during all stages of growth - from clones, to pre-bloomers, to blooming plants, I prefer the standard medium of perlite/vermiculite/potting soil. However, inert media such as rockwool, perlite, or coconut fiber work just as well. The standard medium is more versatile because it is easy to obtain. 

Nelson P., Bloom I., Amine K., Henriksen G., J. of Power Sources, (2002) 110, 437-444. Suzuki J., Yoshida M., Nakahara C., Sekine K., Kikuchi M., Takamura T., Li mass hansfer through a metallic copper film on a carbon fiber during the electrochemical insertion/exhaction reaction, Elechochem. and Solid State Lett., (2001), 4 (1), A1-A4. Klemm W., Volavsek, B. Z. Anorg. Chem. (1958) 296, 184-187, or Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, (1986) 7 (2), or Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (1990), Vol. 2, 2 Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, Editor-in-chief, Massalski T. B., pg. 1430. 

Ahn S, Kulis DM, Erdner DL et al (2006) Fiber-optic microarray for simultaneous detection of multiple harmful algal bloom species. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 5742-5749... 

Scheibel T, Bloom J, Lindquist SL (2004) The elongation of yeast prion fibers involves separable steps of association and conversion. PNAS 101 2287-2292... 

Bloom FE, Hoffer BJ, Siggins GR (1971) Studies on norepinephrine-containing afferents to Purkinje cells of rat cerebellum. I. Localization of the fibers and their synapses. Brain Res., 25, 501-521. 

Harvesting the plants at the correct time is most important and requires vast experience. For kenaf, the optimum time for harvesting is when about ten flowers are in bloom, and the older flowers have already set their seed. For jute, the optimum time is judged to be when the plants are in the small-pod stage. Harvesting before flowering generally results in lower yields and weaker fiber, whereas, if the seeds are allowed to mature, the fiber becomes harsh and coarse and difficult to extract from the plant. 

---