Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate

Shvaitsman VV, Kholkin AL, Verdier C, Lupascu DC (2005) Fatigue-induced evolution of domain stnjcture in ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramics investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy. J Appl Phys 98 094109... 

Figure18.30 (a) Colorimageofthestressesin a thickness-poled compact tension specimen of bulk ferroelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PIC151, Pbo.99Pro.45Tio.47(Nio.33Sbo,67)o.08]03). Depending on the electrical potential induced at the sample surface, the liquid crystal molecules rotate to a different degree, thus modifying the refractive index which yields the different colors...

The development of active ceramic-polymer composites was undertaken for underwater hydrophones having hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients larger than those of the commonly used lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics (60—70). It has been demonstrated that certain composite hydrophone materials are two to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than PZT ceramics while satisfying such other requirements as pressure dependency of sensitivity. The idea of composite ferroelectrics has been extended to other appHcations such as ultrasonic transducers for acoustic imaging, thermistors having both negative and positive temperature coefficients of resistance, and active sound absorbers. 

Merklein, S. Sporn, D. Schonecker, A. 1992. Crystallization behavior and electrical properties of wet-chemically deposited lead zirconate titanate. In Ferroelectric Thin Films III, edited by Tuttle, B. A. Myers, E. R. Desu, S. B. Larsen, P. K. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 310 263-268. 

Losego, M. D. Trolier-McKinstry, S. 2004. Mist deposition of micron thick lead zirconate titanate thick films. In Ferroelectric Thin Films XII, edited by Hoffmann-Eifert, S. Funakubo, H. Kingon, A. I. Koutsaroff, I. Joshi, V. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 784(C11.28) l-6. 

A wide array of ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials have titanium, zirconium and zinc metal cations as part of their elemental composition Many electrical materials based on titanium oxide (titanates) and zirconium oxide (zirconates) are known to have structures based on perovskite-type oxide lattices Barium titanate, BaTiOs and a diverse compositional range of PZT materials (lead zirconate titanates, Pb Zr Tij-yOs) and PLZT materials (lead lanthanum zirconate titanates, PbxLai-xZryTii-yOs) are among these perovskite-type electrical materials. 

Longtu, Li. et al. (1990) Lead zirconate titanate ceramics and monolithic piezoelectric transformer of low firing temperature, Ferroelectrics, 101, 193-200. 

There are certain crystals in which dipoles are spontaneously aligned in a particular direction, even in the absence of electric field. Such substances are called ferroelectric substances and the phenomenon is called ferroelectricty. The direction of polarisation in these substances can be changed by applying electric field. Baruion titanate (BaTi03), sodium potassium tartarate (Rochelle salt), and potassium hydrozen phosphate (KH2I04) are ferroelectric solids. If the alternate dipoles are in opposite directions, then the net dipole moment will be zero and the crystal is called anti-ferroelectric. Lead zirconate (PbZr03) is an anti-ferroelectric solid. 

A simple quantitative model, with no adjustable parameters, is developed for the finite size effect of ferroelectric particles on the Curie transition temperature. As the size of ferroelectric particles decreases, the Curie temperature decreases. Based on our model for lattice contraction and the Landau-Ginsburg-Devonshire (LGD) phenomenological theory, size effects on Curie temperature of lead zirconate titanate PbZri. Ti Oj (PZT, x > 0.6) are considered. It is shown that Curie temperature of PZT (x > 0,6) decreases with decreasing particle size. The predictions of our equation are in agreement with the experimental results. 

Haun M. J., Furman E., Jang S. J. and Cross L. E., Thermodynamic theory of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, Ferroelectrics 99 (1989) 13 Parts I to V. 

A broad range of electronic ceramic materials have been prepared by CSD, but three material systems have dominated the field of ferroelectric thin films. These include the perovskites PbZr03-PbTi03 (lead zirconate titanate PZT), BaTi03-SrTi03 (barimn strontium titanate BST), and the layered perovskite SrBi2Ta209 (strontium bismuth tantalate SBT). The extensive solid solubility ranges... 

As concerns the piezoelectric layer, the first choice often goes to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) because of its outstanding piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties. Nickel ferrite (NF) is not widely employed for the synthesis of the multilayered composites owing to a strong reduction of its magnetization in the lower grain size limit. However, a very thin NF layer can help to attain entirely different properties and, hence, this material has been chosen as a sandwiched layer in the present work. 

Ferroelectric composites are alternatives to standard piezoelectric and pyroelectric ceramics such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and BaHOs (BT). They combine the strong ferroelectric and dielectric properties of ceramics with the easy processing and good mechanical properties of polymers. Dispersion of micrometer-sized ferroelectric particles in an electrically passive epoxy matrix was first published by Furukawa et al. [1976] and later extended to ferroelectric matrices such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-3-fluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) [Hsiang et al., 2001 Hilczer et al., 2002 Gimenes et al., 2004 Lam et al., 2005 Beloti et al., 2006]. However, the necessity of miniaturization of electronic components and... 

Lead zirconate titanate (PhTij Zr e03 with x 0.5), also abbreviated as PZT, is a ferroelectric mixed perovskite with a Curie temperature that depends on the composition x (Figure 4.28). It also has a very high value of k on the so-called morphotropic boundary (the value of x at the boundary between the tetragonal and rhombohedral structures). It is a material of choice for making sensors and actuators, e.g., in medical echoscopes and sonar equipment. 

Tan, B.Q., Li, J.-F., and Viehland, D. (1997) Ferroelectric behaviours dominated by mobile and randomly quenched impurities in modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics. Philos. Mag. B, 76 (1), 59-74. 

Li, S., Cao, W., and Cross, L.E. (1991) The extrinsic nature of nonlinear behavior observed in lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric ceramic. J. Appl. Phys., 69 (10), 7219-7224. 

Kingon, A.I. and Srinivasan, S. (2005) Lead zirconate titanate thin films directly on copper electrodes for ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric applications. Nat. Mater., 4 (3), 233-237. 

Ferroelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate imder radial load. Appl. Phys. 

Paton, E., Brazier, M., Mansour, S., and Bement, A. (1997) A critical study of defect migration and ferroelectric fatigue in lead zirconate titanate thin film capacitors imder extreme temperatures. Integr. Ferrodear., 18, 29-37. 

A special class of materials that is also ferroelectric are electrooptic ceramics. Materials such as lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) produce excellent electrooptic devices. These polycrystalline ceramics exhibit voltage-variable behavior—that is, they can be switched from optically transparent to opaque by the application of voltage. Most of these devices, which are used for shutters, modulators, and displays, are processed by hot pressing to full density. Experiments in many laboratories are being carried out to tape-cast these materials into thin sheets. The main problem encountered to date has been the ability to sinter to full density. The use of nanosized powders has helped in this regard. The ability to tape-cast large sheets could open a wide variety of applications for these materials. 

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