Femoral pores

In garter snakes (Thamnophis), males leave a gelatinous plug in the cloaca of the female immediately following mating. Sexually active males refuse to court mated females immediately after the female has mated and up to 48 h later (Ross 

To determine whether viviparous lizards (L. vivipara) show innate responses to chemical cues from predatory snakes from birth, or learn them through experience, the preceding experiments were duplicated (Van Damme et al. 1995). Seventeen juvenile common lizards (L. vivipara) were exposed to a clean cage or to a cage that had previously housed the lizard-eating adder V. berus) or smooth snake (C. austriaca). Juveniles that had never been exposed to predator chemical cues before behaved like the animals used in the previous study by Thoen et al. (1986). One difference in the behavior of juvenile and adult lizards 

We can point out to the reader areas of research that seem to be particularly worthy of further study. Thus, the mechanisms responsible for kin recognition have been well studied in amphibians, especially anuran amphibians however. 

The authors would like to thank the editors, Jocelyn Millar and Ken Haynes, for their valuable insights and suggestions for improving the chapter. Brent Graves provided an in-depth critique of the chapter and we are indebted to him. The work of the authors was supported by the National Science Foundation INT-9114567, IBN-9357245 The Whitehall Foundation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to R.T.M. NSERC of Canada to D.P.C. Southwest Missouri State University Faculty Research Development grant to A.M. and the National Science Foundation DEB-9423333 to A.R.B. 

Alberts, A.C. 1989. Ultraviolet visual sensitivity in desert iguanas implications for pheromone detection. Anim. Behav. 38 129-137. 

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Room ambient temperature was held to 23-27°C temperature in the box would rise to about 30°C during the day but higher near the screen enclosed 60 w bulb where the lizards often basked (up to 38 C). At the time of the move, their mean snout-vent length was 22,2 cm (s.d. 3.03, range 19.5-25.5 cm). Based on femoral pores, two appeared to be males and two females. 

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