Feedback given

Some feedback given by students include these comments ... 

As with any lengthy exercise, planning is required to make the best use of the time allocated. This is true on a daily basis as well as over the entire period of the project. It is especially important not to underestimate the time it will take to write and produce your thesis (see below). If you wish to benefit from feedback given by your supervisor, you should aim to have drafts in his/her hands in good time. Since a large proportion of marks will be allocated to the report, you should not rush its production. 

Both SPS and PSE maintain a record of mouse events. Each event corresponds to some action taken by the student, and the student record is a history of all events in the order in which they occurred. Interspersed with the mouse events are the system selections, such as the identification of the current problem and the type of feedback given. The primary mouse events that occur in SPS are menu choices or selections of elements of a problem text for mapping purposes. 

One of the attributes of a positive safety culture is when safety items receive prompt attention. High-risk practices and acts that are reported should receive attention, and remedial measures should be forthcoming. Reports of near-miss incidents should be recorded, tracked, and feedback given to everyone, not only the reporter. A system of risk ranking is useful in allocating resources and priorities to safety action items. If not ranked, all safety items will be considered as priority, and with all items being the priority, none will be handled in a timely manner. 

Factor 1 indicates interrelationship between the tendency to report and the feedback given on the report fiwm the shore side (Table 5), which indicates that improved feedback also increases reporting fi quency. The descriptive statistics point to a situation of substantial underreporting. A total of 36.3% ofthe respondents state that they never or only sometimes report close... 

This step is completed by trained observers who are in most cases feUow workers. These observers are not intent on finding fault or blaming workers for their safety behaviors, but document the rate at which workers perform tasks in a safe manner or in an at-risk fashion. The observations usually take 10-15 min. The data sheets developed by the steering committee should be the guide and specify the expected behaviors. These observations are strictly conducted under the conditions that no names are used and no blame is placed. These observations are best when they are conducted peer-to-peer and feedback given immediately. Observation data are aitoed into a database for analysis and problem solving. This approach builds a sense of ownership. 

The Landolt reaction (iodate + reductant) is prototypical of an autocatalytic clock reaction. During the induction period, the absence of the feedback species (Irere iodide ion, assumed to have virtually zero initial concentration and fomred from the reactant iodate only via very slow initiation steps) causes the reaction mixture to become kinetically frozen . There is reaction, but the intemiediate species evolve on concentration scales many orders of magnitude less than those of the reactant. The induction period depends on the initial concentrations of the major reactants in a maimer predicted by integrating the overall rate cubic autocatalytic rate law, given in section A3.14.1.1. 

Much use has been, and continues to be, made of simplified model schemes representative of general classes of chemical or themial feedback. The oregonator and Lengyel-Epstein models for the BZ and CDIMA systems have been given earlier. Pre-eminent among the more abstracted caricature models is the bnisselator introduced by Prigogine and Lefever [47] which has the following fomi ... 

The metabohtes of vitamin D are usually more toxic than the vitamin because the feedback mechanisms that regulate vitamin D concentrations are circumvented. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol has a one-hundredfold increase in toxicity over vitamin D when fed to chicks (220) and 1 a,25-dihydroxy vitamin D is several times more toxic than the 25-hydroxy analogue. Vitamin D2 seems to have less toxicity than vitamin D, a circumstance which is beheved to be caused by the more efficient elimination of 25-hydroxy and the 1 a,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2 from the animals. Estimated safe upper dietary levels are given in Table 11. 

The performance of a controller (and its tuning) must be based on what is achievable for a given process. The concept of best practical IE (lEb) for a step change in load Aq can be estimated (Shinskey, Feedback Controllers foi the Process Industries, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994) ... 

Eodt (13-174) where V and are initial values, Kc and T are respectively feed-back-controller gain and feedback-reset time for integr action, and E is the error or deviation from the set point as given by ... 

Hundreds of metabohc reac tions take place simultaneously in cells. There are branched and parallel pathways, and a single biochemical may participate in sever distinct reactions. Through mass action, concentration changes caused by one reac tion may effect the kinetics and equilibrium concentrations of another. In order to prevent accumulation of too much of a biochemical, the product or an intermediate in the pathway may slow the production of an enzyme or may inhibit the ac tivation of enzymes regulating the pathway. This is termed feedback control and is shown in Fig. 24-1. More complicated examples are known where two biochemicals ac t in concert to inhibit an enzyme. As accumulation of excessive amounts of a certain biochemical may be the key to economic success, creating mutant cultures with defective metabolic controls has great value to the produc tion of a given produc t. 

While all these paramclcrs are extremely essential for a process line, with the R D in the field these limitations have been overcome with the use of phasor controls. To implement the.se controls different manufacturers have tidopled different control and feedback systems to monitor and control the torque and field components. They have also given these controls different trade names. The basic technological concept remains the same but process implementation may vary from one manufacturer to another. Below we attempt to identify the more common phasor controls introduced by a few leading manufacturers. 

The closed-loop transfer function for any feedback control system may be written in the factored form given in equation (5.41)... 

Since H =, the system has unity feedback, and the closed-loop transfer function and step response is given by... 

Questions Feedback. Some Internet sites that are relevant to chemical safety are presented in Table 4.2-1 addresses related to the environment are given in Table -2. 

In the preceding sections, combustion was modeled as a prescribed addition of energy at a given speed. The fundamental mechanism of a gas explosion, namely, feedback in combustion-flow interaction, was not utilized. As a consequence, the behavior of a freely propagating, premixed, combustion process, which is primarily determined by its boundary conditions, was unresolved. 

The dotted lines in the diagram indicate the various feedback paths that exist to enable the individual to identify if a particular stage of the processing chain was executed correctly. Thus, if the operating team had planned a strategy to handle a complex plant problem, they would eventually obtain feedback with regard to whether or not the plan was successful. Similar feedback loops exist at the rule and skill-based levels, and indicate opportunities for error correction. The application of the stepladder model to a process industry example is given in Appendix 2A at the end of this chapter. 

---