Fatty alcohols, long-chain, metalation

Near infrared absorbers include cyanin compounds, pyrylium compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, and dithiol metal complexes. Antistatic agents include long chain alkyl alcohols and fatty acid esters with polyhydric alcohols. Stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol are the especially preferred compounds. Anti-fogging agents include sorbitan fatty acid esters and glycerin fatty acid esters. 

Special cases of solid lubrication arc boundary anil IIP (extreme pressure) lubrication In both cases ihe solid lubricant is formed by chemical reaction of special compounds, usually applied as oil solutions, with the metallic rubbing surfaces Typical boundary lubricants are the fatty acids which react with the metal surface to form metallic soaps which then carry the load. Strongly adsorbed hut nonreacting substances of linear structure, such as long chain tally alcohols, can also act as boundary lubricants but only under very mild conditions... 

Like other esters, fats and oils (see Section 23-14) can be hydrolyzed in strongly basic solution to produce salts of the acids and the trihydric alcohol glycerol. The resulting alkali metal salts (commonly sodium or potassium) of long-chain fatty acids are soaps. In Section 14-18, we described the cleansing action of soaps and detergents. 

In fat chemistry ( oleochemistry ) no considerable application of homogeneous catalysis and of industrial importance is known so far [1], One reason for this is the modest reactivity of the starting chemicals. Oleochemicals are molecules with a long carbon chain. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty compounds are always in internal positions. Hence, the steric hindrance of oleochemicals is often very high, and the coordination to metal complexes is made difficult. In addition all fatty compounds contain a substituent with a heteroatom such as carboxyl, ester, aldehyde, alcohol, or amine groups. These substituents often react with organome-tallic compounds and can inactivate the catalyst. 

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