Fast atom bombardment mass conjugates

Dumasia MC, Houghton E, Bradley CV, Williams DH. 1983. Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse the metabolism of 1-dehydrosterone and the use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the identification of steroid conjugates. Biomed Mass Spectrom 10 434-440. 

Egestad B, Sjoberg P. 1988. Analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of conjugated metabolites of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 16 151-154. 

Manz I, Dietrich I, Przybylski M, et al. 1985. Identification and quantification of metabolite conjugates of activated cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide with MESNA in urine by ion-pair extraction and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Biomed Mass Spectrom 12 545-553. 

Stroobant, V., Libert, R., Van Hoof, F. and de Hoffmann, E. (1995) Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and low energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry of tauro conjugated bile acid anions. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 6, 588-96. 

Dayal, B. and Salen, G. (1990). Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) studies of conjugated bile alcohols. Presented in part at the 17th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural... 

Metabolite M4 was analyzed by thermospray LC/MS (Fig. 5a) and produced a protonated molecular ion at m/z 497, 499 (confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis). This mass spectrum, as well as proton NMR analysis (not shown) was consistent with the acyl carnitine conjugate of the parent. Fragmentation occurred via loss of the carnitine moiety to give m/z 371, 373 the fragment ion at m/z 455, 457 could correspond to an... 

Figure 4, Fast atom bombardment mass spectrum of the diglutathtone conjugate of phenylalanine mustard (jM).

Heidmann, M., Fonrobert, R, Przybylski, M., Platt, K.L. Seidel, A., Oesch, F. (1988) Conjugation Reactions of Polyaromatic Quinones to Mono- and Bisglutathionyl Adducts Direct Analysis by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 15 329-332. 

Haroldsen, P. E., Reilly, M. H., Hughes, H., Gaskell, S. J., and Porter, C. J. (1988). Characterization of glutathione conjugates by fast atom bombardment/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass. Spectrom. 15 615-621. 

Libert, R., Hermans, D., Draye, J.R et al. (1991) Bile acids and conjugates identified in metabolic disorders by fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry. Clin. Chem., 37, 2102-10. 

Figure 20. Fast atom bombardment negative ion mass spectrum of the glutamylcysteine conjugate 17.

In recent years, several techniques have been developed for mass spectrometry, whereby samples are ionized and analysed from a condensed phase, without prior volatilization. These desorption techniques have permitted the extension of mass spectrometric analyses to sulfate and glutathione conjugates, as well as to underivatized and labile glucuronic acid conjugates. Primary among these techniques are field desorption 6, plasma desorption (7), laser desorption (8), fast atom bombardment (or secondary ion mass spectrometry with a liquid sample matrix) ( ) and thermospray ionization ( O). The latter can also serve to couple high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for analysis of involatile and thermally labile samples. 

K. B. Tomer, N. J. Jensen, M. L. Gross, and J. Whitney, Fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of bile salts and their conjugates, Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 13, 265-272 (1986). 

On-line MS methods enable continuous kinetic profiles to be obtained but they cannot easily accommodate complex sample preparation steps. In the 1980s, enzymatic reactions were monitored by a popular - at that time - ionization technique, namely fast atom bombardment (FAB)-MS [12, 13]. Heidmann etal. [14] used FAB-MS to identify conjugation products of reactive quinones with glutathione by conducting dynamic mass spectral analysis. Soon after the introduction of ESI to MS, its potential in the monitoring of biochemical reactions was recognized, especially in the detection of labile intermediates (cf. [15,16]). Nowadays ESI and MALDI are prime tools for the analysis of biomolecules. Both techniques are also suitable for the investigation of biocatalytic processes with diverse temporal resolutions [17]. 

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