Fan coolers

Some pressurised water reactor containments are equipped with fan coolers. These coolers would appear to offer the possibility of particle deposition by thermophoresis or even by difiusiophoresis. Analyses of the potential decontamination that could be achieved with such fan coolers have not been reported. They may not provide a long-term aerosol removal capability. Accumulation of insulating deposits of aerosol on their surfaces may limit effectiveness. Fan coolers do require power to operate and the necessary power may not be available under accident conditions. 

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Prevent containment overpressure Reactor building spray injection system Reactor building spray recirculation system Reactor building fan coolers Ice condensers Prevent containment overpressure Containment spray injection system, containment spray recirculation system containment fan c ng system, ice conde... 

The amine cooler is typically an air-cooled, fin-fan cooler, which low-er.s the lean amine temperature before it enters the absorber. The lean amine entering the absorber should be approximately 10°F warmer than the sour gas entering the absorber. Lower amine temperatures may cause the gas to cool in the absorber and thus condense hydrocarbon liquids. Higher temperatures would increase the amine vapor pressure and thus increase amine losses to the gas. The duty for the cooler can be calculated from the lean-amine flow rate, the lean-amine temperature leaving the rich/lean exchanger and the sour-gas inlet temperature. 

Replacement of barometric condensers with surface condensers or air fan coolers, reducing a major source of oil-water emulsion. 

The second modification to the flowscheme is that steam condensate from the ammonia vaporizer has been fed directly into the vapour/liquid separator, from where it may be drawn for waste-heat boiler feed. This route is in preference to feeding the condensate (at 250°C) back into the deionized-water circuit. By re-routing to the vapour/liquid separator, the heat duty of the waste-heat boiler can be reduced, and hence its size and cost are lower. The duty on the deionized-water fin-fan cooler and the economizer throughput are reduced. Both of these modifications result in a lower capital cost. 

Using the stack geometry and stack cooling described in the previous section, the fuel cell stack occupies ca. 100 cm The space requirement for the stack would therefore increase by 50-100% to fulfill the cooling requirements, so that the fuel cell stack and fan cooler would account for ca. 20% of the notebook s volume. Thus, even if the energy density of the stack can be increased by further miniaturization, the space necessary for heat removal will continue to pose a serious obstacle to miniaturization. 

For low electricity costs ( 75% compared with the reference case). Cases IE and IG will be more attractive compared with the other cases. These cases are still attractive even with higher electricity cost (125% compared with the reference case), with a payback period of 0.88 years. As expected, a higher electricity price reduces the attractiveness of all cases. Waste LLP steam can be recovered economically from the steam condensate system. Alternatively, waste heat can be recovered as hot water from process streams. Petroleum refineries often discard a lot of waste heat through furnace stacks, fin-fan coolers and product coolers, which can be used to generate LLP steam (Reddy et al., 2013b). In such situations, where LLP steam is available at zero cost, a single-stage absorption chiller (Cases ID and IF) becomes feasible and attractive with a payback period of 0.93 years (Table 11.2). 

When cooling water is scarce, air is used for cooling and condensing liquid streams in fin-fan heat exchangers. A common configuration is shown in Figure 13.11. See, also, a video of an industrial fin-fan cooler on the CD-ROM that accompanies this text. The liquid to be cooled... 

This scenario assumes a break in the cold leg of the primary circuit with operation of the ECCS in the injection phase (although it could also faU in the recirculation phase). It is assumed that the auxiliary feed-water of the steam generators operates correctly, as well as the fan coolers of the containment. Additionally, it is assumed that one train of the containment spray system operates in the ECCS injection phase. 

Additional defence in depth is provided by the fan coolers, which can be manually actuated by the DAS to supplement and enhance the cooling provided by the PCS. 

In addition, if forced containment air-circulation is operated during post-accident recovery, die fan coolers contribute to circulation in containment. 

Passive containment cooling (inc. fan coolers) High containment temperature OR Manual initiation... 

As in the AP600/AP1000, the IRIS safety system design uses gravitational forces instead of active components such as pumps, fan coolers or sprays and their supporting systems. 

As lower temperatures favor the absorption of CO by the Catacarb solution, I had expanded the capacity of the circulating Catacarb solution aerial fin-fan cooler to cool the absorber tower and thus reduce CO in the Hj product. Liz stood next to me at the panel when we started the Catacarb circulation pumps. I was totally confident. 

Pumps should not be located adjacent to critical, high-value equipment, under or adjacent to overhead fin fan coolers, or under main instrumentation and electrical cable runs. 

The preceding description of defense in depth does not address questions such as What accident initiators to postulate what reactor containment system radionuclide releases to postulate how much credit should be given for removing radionuclides using containment sprays, fan coolers, or suppression pools how... 

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