False-color images

False color images of adjacent flame interactions in the FF configuration. A torus of fresh reactants is formed in this case. 

The data can be visualized in several formats. In a gel image, the optical density at each point is related to the fluorescence intensity false color images can be used to improve the dynamic range of visualization. We usually employ a logarithmic compression to help visualize the wide dynamic range of the data the image can be processed to saturate the most intense components, allowing observation of less intense components. 

Figure l6 Scanned image of an entire trailer truck. This B/W image is typically presented as a false color image to enhance attenuation information about the contents. The imaging system is optimized to accommodate the characteristics of human visual response. 

Electron microprobes can be used in spot mode to measure the chemical compositions of individual minerals. Mineral grains with diameters down to a few microns are routinely measured. The chemical composition of the sample is determined by comparing the measured X-ray intensities with those from standards of known composition. Sample counts must be corrected for matrix effects (absorption and fluorescence). The spatial resolution of the electron microprobe is governed by the interaction volume between the electron beam and the sample (Fig. A.l). An electron probe can also be operated in scanning mode to make X-ray maps of a sample. You will often see false-color images of a sample where three elements are plotted in different colors. Such maps allow rapid identification of specific minerals. EMP analysis has become the standard tool for characterizing the minerals in meteorites and lunar samples. 

False-color image of ozone levels over the Northern Hemisphere, recorded by NASA s total-ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS). Purple and blue areas are areas of ozone depletion green through red areas are areas of higher-than-normal ozone levels. 

Fig. 7. False color image of fluorescent intensities on a GeneChip array that analysis sequences within the HIV-1 genome...

FIGURE 7.16 DC discharge plasma formed in a chamber (1000 x 350 x 150 pm) at 750 Torr, 500 V, and 60 pA. (A) Original image. (B) False-color image of the same plasma [718]. Reprinted with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Figure 17 shows a potential application of the MLP to the analysis of a multifrequency, reflective interferometric THz image of a suicide bomber. Each pixel, or group of pixels such as a row, is analyzed using a trained MLP. The resulting false-color image would indicate to an operator the presence of an explosive. 

FIGURE 20.29 This false color image shows total stratospheric ozone amounts over the southern hemisphere for September 24, 2006, as recorded by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) mounted on the Aura spacecraft. The dramatic depletion of the ozone layer over Antarctica is revealed with the help of the false color scale at the bottom of the figure. Ozone amounts are commonly expressed in Dobson units 300 Dobson units is a typical global average over the course of a year. The size of the Antarctic ozone hole was near a record high and the levels of ozone near a record low on this date. 

A subsequent chapter by Budevska showed extensive false color images of corn produced with the FPA imaging instrument in the agricultural division of Dupont [29]. Additionally, chemometric and imaging software was reported by the same authors [30]. 

Figure 8.2 Three-dimensional NIR chemical imaging of a corn kernel, (a) False-color image based on the structures identified in the NIR imaging data set. Reprinted with permission from Ref [9] 2007, John Wiley Sons,...

Figure 8.4 False-color image of muesli cereal based on the spectral intensity at three wavelengths in the NIR.

The false-color image of Venus s 5-mile (8-km) high Maat Mons was constructed from data transmitted by the Magellan spacecraft. (NASA/Photo Researchers, Inc.)... 

Chemoattractant is used to demonstrate signal-induced gradient of Gp subunit. False color Images of amebas expressing (a) a GFP-tagged Gp subunit and (b) a GFP-tagged cAMP receptor, which served as a control. When an external source of chemoattractant was placed near the cells (at the top of the photographs), the cells turned toward the source. 

See color insert following page 424.) False color image of temperature above a 6-port ribbon burner. (Left) Laminar, 7 mm gap, 0.785 m/s Roll Rotation, 309 W/cm (Right) highly mixed, 4 mm gap, 0.785 m/s Roll Rotation, 923 W/cm. ... 

Figure 7.8 False-color image of an ultrathin section of a fuel cell electrode the inset shows a typical carbon agglomerate. (Adapted from our other book chapter [128]. Copyright Woodhead Publishing. Reproduced with permission.)...

Fig.21. Diode laser false-color images of an NP-exposed sample a absorbance at 1568 cm b absorbance at 1530 cm and c difference between (a) and (b). A white-light image is shown in (d). The absorbance intensity maps to the color scale adjacent to each image. Each image is...

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