Failure Fingerprinting

In a similar manner, expression of biodegradable hydrocarbons as a ratio to high-molecular-weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons should have potential for fingerprinting purposes. The failure of some attempts to use PAHs for this purpose arises from the poor choice of molecules for comparison. Low-molecular-weight PAHs such as naphthalene or phenanthrene are often selected because of their abundance and relative ease of measurement, but these molecules are also the most prone to biodegradation as well as other forms of attenuation (Sadler and Connell, 2002). 

The Shotscope system also maintains and displays statistical process control (SPC) data in a variety of formats, including trend charts, X-bar and R charts, histograms, and scatter diagrams. This information provides molders with the knowledge that their processes are in control, and, should they go out of control, Shotscope can alert to an out-of-control condition and divert suspect-quality parts. Furthermore, because the Shotscope system can measure and archive up to 50 process parameters (such as pressures, temperatures, times, etc.) for every shot monitored and the information archived, the processing fingerprint for any part can be stored and retrieved at any time in the future. This functionality is extremely important to any manufacturer concerned with the potential failure of a molded part in its end-use application (for example, medical devices). 

Peak detection is an important step in the identification process. Sometimes only a few experimental peptide masses in the fingerprint match the theoretical masses, and therefore the failure to detect a relevant peak can hinder the correct identification of a protein. However, if too many false peaks are considered, this may lead to erroneous database matches causing false identifications, as well as increasing search duration. Furthermore, it is important to precisely determine the peptide masses. 

Peptide mass fingerprinting can be performed by use of MALDI-FT-ICR [94,95]. For example, Przybylski and co-woikers applied MALDI-FT-ICR to the proteomic analysis of cryoglobulins from a hepatitis C patient [96], and to alveolar proteomics associated with proteinosis and cystic fibrosis [97]. Alternatively, LC can be coupled with ESI FT-ICR for peptide mass fingerprinting [94]. Among other applications, LC coupled with ESI-FT-ICR has been used in the proteomic analysis of Escherichia coli [98], the proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid [99], the identification of brain natriuritic peptide (BNP-32) in plasma following heart failure [100], and in the molecular differentiation of ischemic and valvular heart disease [101]. 

Various titanium alloys, including 8% Al, 1% Mo, 1% V-Ti (8-1-1) heated in air in contact with moist sodium chloride (e.g., from fingerprints) at 260 0 (SOO F) or higher, undergo S.C.C. (or intergranular corrosion ) usually along grain boundaries [33-35]. Pure titanium is resistant to this type of failure. 

Cleaning and Cleanliness. Improper handling procedures and improper selection and application of solder paste and wave-solder fluxes and their associated cleaning processes can cause ionic residues to be left on the board that result in low surface insulation resistance. Low SIR values can cause failures in and of themselves for some sensitive circuits and in other cases set up the conditions for further corrosion that eventually result in short circuits. Sodium and potassium ions and halide ions are the most commonly quoted culprits for these failures. The major source of sodium and potassium ions is handling, i.e., fingerprints. The primary sources of halide ions are soldering fluxes. 

Metabolomic fingerprints Acute-on-chronic liver failure in humans with alcoholic cirrhosis, requiring intensive care 173... 

The exact shape of the stress-strain curve will depend on the material, the rate of loading (how quickly and/or slowly the load is increased), and the temperature. The ultimate failure of the material can be abrupt (and often quite dramatic), where it simply snaps in half. This type of failure is called a brittle failure. The failure can also be slow and gradual, where the material begins to stretch and thin out, and eventually breaks. Or the failure can be a mixture of the two. The ratios of the elastic to plastic regions can also vary. But each material has a unique stress-strain curve, almost like a fingerprint. 

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