Factors influencing carbon content

Several researchers emphasized that compost is also an excellent material to use to prevent the acidification and the deterioration of soil productivity [8, 51-54]. Several factors including moisture content, temperature, aeration rate, and carbon to nitrogen ratio have direct influence on composting process, which has been reviewed in detail in the past. 

The conversions conducted in both steps are currently based on empirical relationships that are more or less robust. For example, the relationship between the chlorophyll and carbon content in an average phytoplankton cell is dependent on factors that influence cell metabolism, including nutrient arailability, temperature, and light. The temperature dependence of photosynthesis is associated with an enzyme-mediated step in the Calvin cycle (Figure 7.6a). 

Unlike the transformation processes that reduce the total amount of triazine present in soil, retention only decreases the amount available for weed control, microbial transformations, or transport. The amount retained or sorbed by soil can range from 0% to 100% of the amount applied, but sorption on silt loam, loam, or clay loam soils typically ranges from 50% to 80%. Triazine retention in soil is influenced primarily by organic carbon content, soil clay content and type, and soil pH. Other factors influencing retention include the amount of triazine applied, the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution, soil water content, and triazine to soil contact time (aging). 

Reference conditions These are physical or chemical parameters that need to be assessed in conjunction with the analysis for standard compliance (e.g., temperature, pH, organic carbon content for soil or dissolved organic carbon, and total suspended solids for surface water) (depending on which factors influence chemical behavior and toxicity). 

The presence of natural solids can significantly modify the rates of transformation in aqueous systems—relative to the rates observed in homogeneous solution—for many pesticide compounds, but may have little effect on others (Barbash and Resek, 1996). Factors that can influence the rates and mechanisms of transformation of pesticide compounds at the water/solid interface include the structure of the compound of interest (e.g.. Torrents and Stone, 1991 Baldwin et al., 2001), the composition and surface structure of the mineral phase (e.g., Kriegman-King and Reinhard, 1992 Wei et al., 2001 Carlson et al., 2002), the solid-phase organic-carbon content (e.g., Wolfe and Macalady, 1992), and the characteristics, health, and size of the resident microbial community. 

This work intends to show the complexity of the dynamic adsorption process and to evaluate capacity of some granular carbons of various firms to remove pollutants from water. Adsorbents have been tested by various methods, and static and dynamic adsorption have been compared. Characteristics of carbons has been evaluated by the determination of porous structure, specific surface, content of ashes (mineral substances) and crushing strength and abrasion resistance. Adsorption capacity of activated carbon has been determined by means of phenol, iodide, methylene blue, sodium lauryl sulphate and molasses indicators for static conditions, and surfactant has been used for dynamic conditions. Analysis of some factors influencing adsorption has been accomplished and directions of further studies have been shown. 

Content of ash, absorbability and mechanical resistance of carbons are also important factors influencing adsorption in dynamic conditions. 

Muller and Suess (1979) demonstrated the influence of sedimentation rate on organic carbon accumulation under oxic open-ocean conditions. They found that the organic carbon content of marine sediments increases by a factor of about two for every tenfold increase in sedimentation rate. The underlying mechanism was believed to be the more rapid removal and protection of organic matter from oxic respiration and benthic digestion at the sediment/water interface by increasingly rapid burial (cf Sect. 12.3.3). Also... 

Hoffman, E.J. and Duce, R.A., 1976. Factors influencing the organic carbon content of atmospheric sea salt particles a laboratory study. J. Geophys. Res., 81 3667—3670. 

Many factors influence the ability of reinforced concrete to resist carbonation induced corrosion. As the carbonation rate is a function of thickness, good cover is essential to resist carbonation. As the process is one of neutralizing the alkalinity of the concrete, good reserves of alkali are needed, that is, a high cement content. The diffusion process is made easier if the concrete has an open pore structure. On the macroscopic scale this means that there should be good compaction. On a microscopic scale well cured concrete has small pores and lower connectivity of pores to the CO2 has a harder job moving through the concrete. Microsilica and other additives can block pores or reduce pores sizes. 

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