Factor, demand diversity

Considering the diversity factor (Table 13.4) for such a plant to be 70%, or as the system may require, which can be determined by the type of industry and the process demand ... 

In this chapter we have pointed to some fundamental physical environmental factors that in our view are important to take into account in order to improve REACH (and likely other chemical legislations). We have also pointed to the potential of an increased use of mathematical population models to obtain more relevant data for environmental risk assessment. With increased knowledge about how various physical environmental factors (e.g. temperature, pH, salinity, 02) on one hand influence toxicity and on the other may be taken into account in the process of environmental risk assessment, chances will improve to achieve a process that is efficient, cost effective, scientifically robust, and meets the demands of science-based precaution. Environmental risk assessment within REACH would thus become a more diverse but at the same time more adequate process than the one presented in the current version. 

All of these external resources have relied heavily on the university as a primary source. An unfortunate consequence of these activities over the past decade has been a depletion of the academic resources that have accumulated over the past 50 years. Furthermore, the availability of useful quantities from current academic research has become less likely as modern chemical techniques and instrumentation permit studies with only a few milligrams. This is especially apparent in the natural product field, as the unique diversity inherent in that group has placed such acquisition at a premium. Market demands, nevertheless, persist and have led to the emergence of synthesis factories that prepare compounds specifically for the screening market, using conventional chemical techniques. Output has been greatly enhanced at some of these centers by adoption of modular approaches in synthesis. These sources have helped to fill the void in numbers, but have done little to enhance the level of structural diversity or the cost factor. 

Demand factor is the ratio of maximum demand on a system to the total rated capacity of the connected load. It is related to the diversity factor much as load factor is related to capacity factor. In the illustration just given, if the three motors are each of 125 hp. rated capacity, the demand factor is 180 -r 375 = 0.48. This is a most important factor in considering a power installation. 

Coincidence Factor - The ratio of the coincident, maximum demand or two or more loads to the sum of their noncoincident maximum demand for a given period the reciprocal of the diversity factor, and is always less than or equal to one. 

Diversity Factor - The ratio of the sum of the noncoincidental maximum demands of two or more ioads to their coincidentai maximum demands for the same period. 

---