Fabrication embossing

Several more recent variations of the film-to-fiber approach result in direct conversion of film to fabric. The film may be embossed in a controlled pattern and subsequently drawn uniaxiaHy or biaxiaHy to produce a variety of nonwoven products (47). Addition of chemical blowing agents to the film causes fibrillation upon extmsion. Nonwovens can be formed directly from blown film using a unique radial die and control of the biaxial draw ratio (48)... 

Specific terms have been designated according to the function and composition of various roUs. Steel roUs that impose pressure, transmit heat, and emboss a pattern onto the fabric are known as pattern roUs. Flexible surface roUs that transport the fabric and permit pressure transmission to the fabric are termed bowl roUs or bowls. Bowl roUs are usually larger in diameter than pattern roUs. The material used to make these types of roUs is chosen according to the depth of surface smoothness to be placed on the fabric being calendered, and must be compatible with the pattern roU. Cellulose pulp, cotton, wool, cotton—wool mixtures, com husk, and various polymer materials are used as fillers for the roU surface compound. 

Polyolefin—ceUulose composites also are used in nonasbestos flooring felts, waUpapers, filter media, labels, embossable papers, and other nonwoven fabrics that are made on paper machines. Use of synthetic fibers in paper has been reviewed (103,104). 

Zinc sheet and strip can be easily fabricated by drawing, spinning, bending, stamping, coining, embossing, blanking, and impact extmsion. 

Figure 10-158B. Platecoil double- and single-embossing designs for standard units. The Platecoil is fabricated using resistance, spot, seam, and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and/or Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding techniques in order to hold and seal the two plates together. (Used by permission Cat. 5-63, 1994. Tranter , Inc.)...

Becker H., Heim U., Hot embossing as a method for the fabrication of polymer high aspect ratio structures, Sensor. Actuat. A-Phys. 2000 83 130-135. 

Chen, L. Q. Chan-Park, M. B. Yan, Y. H. Zhang, Q. Li, C. M. Zhang, J. 2007. High aspect ratio silicon nanomoulds for UV embossing fabricated by directional thermal oxidation using an oxidation mask. Nanotechnology 18 355307/355301-355307/355307. 

Qi, S., X. Liu, S. Ford, J. Barrows, G. Thomas, K. Kelly, A. McCandless, K. Lian, J. Goettert, and S. A. Soper. Microfluidic devices fabricated in poly(methyl methacrylate) using hot-embossing with integrated sampling capillary and fiber optics for fluorescence detection. Lab on a Chip, 2, 88-95 (2002). 

However, melt-blown nonwoven fabrics with a microscopic variation of basis weight in different parts are a further drawback. The variation changes little even after the melt-blown nonwoven fabrics are pressed or embossed with metal rolls or press plates. Accordingly, the fabrics or pressed products, when used as separators, cause a microscopic nonuniform passage of electrolytes or ions in different parts of the membrane. 

If cither colors are required—as red, for example— the fabrio should bo coated with gutta-percha and vermilion. Take one pound of any oil-varnish, or pale linseed, nut, Or poppy oil, previously made drying by any of the ordinary methods, and three ounces of crimson lake grind them well together, and coat the fabric, with a thin layer. If the fabric has been embossed or corked to imitate morocco leather, the result will not be a bad imitation of that article. Of course, any tinge may be produced by a similar process. 

Impression - A design formed on the surface of a rubber article by a method of transfer, such as fabric mold, embossed poly impression. 

Zhu et al. [76] designed and fabricated microfluidic devices on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrates for electrochemical analysis applications using an improved UY-LIGA process. The microchannel structures were transferred from a nickel mold onto the plastic plates by the hot embossing... 

Figure 2.17 Schematic representation of a simplified fabrication process used for proposed GNEE NCE microchip, (a) Contact electrode exposure, (b) electrode developing, (c) platinum etching, (d) GNEE direct bonding, (e) master fabrication, (f) hot embossing, (g) alignment, and (h) low temperature solvent bonding [146],...

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