Eyes and skin, effects

Viala, B., Blomet, J., Mathieu, L., Hall, A.H. (2005). Prevention of CS tear gas eye and skin effects and active decontamination with diphoterine preliminary studies in 5 French gendarmes. J. Emerg. Med. 29 5-8. 

MMorptkm route Can enter the body by inhalation or ingestion. Harmful atmospheric concentrations build up very slowly, if at all, on evaporation at i )prox. 20 C, but much more rapidly in aerosol form. Immediate olfeeta Irritates the eyes and skin. Effects of prolongad/rapeated exposure Can cause kidney damage. ... 

Eye and Skin Contact. Some nickel salts and aqueous solutions of these salts, eg, the sulfate and chloride, may cause a primary irritant reaction of the eye and skin. The most common effect of dermal exposure to nickel is allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel dermatitis may occur in sensitized individuals following close and prolonged contact with nickel-containing solutions or metallic objects such as jewelry, particularly pierced earrings. It is estimated that 8—15% of the female human population and 0.2—2% of the male human population is nickel-sensitized (125). 

The 40% aqueous solution of TRIS AMINO is nonirritating to the eyes and skin. In general, the toxicology of the alkan olamines is typical of alkaline materials, ie, the greater the base strength, the greater the effect. Neutralized alkan olamines are much less toxic their stearate soaps, for instance, have been found to be nonhazardous. 

Some of the criteria used in the selection of a suitable agent are effectiveness in extremely small concentrations time to onset of action effectiveness through various routes of entry into the body, such as the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin stability in long-term storage and ease of dissernination in feasible munitions. 

Liquid sulphur dioxide may cause eye and skin burns resulting from the freezing effects upon evaporation. Dry sulphur dioxide is non-corrosive to common materials of construction except zinc. The presence of moisture renders the environment corrosive. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Protective clothing and chemical goggles Symptoms Following Exposure On direct contact can produce eye and skin irritation General Treatment for Exposure CONTACT WITH EYES AND SKIN wash with water for 15 min Toxicity by Inhalation No data Short-Term Exposure Limits No data Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 0 LDjo>33.3 g/kg (rat) Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Skin effects are minor Odor Threshold 0.168 ppm. 

LCt50 (skin, man) >1500 mg/min3. L irritates eyes and skin and gives warning of its presence. Minimum effective dose (ED min) = 200 mg/m3 (30 min). 

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