Freezing effects

On contact with the skin, liquid ammonia produces severe burns compounded by frostbite due to the freezing effect from rapid evaporation from the skin. 

Liquid sulphur dioxide may cause eye and skin burns resulting from the freezing effects upon evaporation. Dry sulphur dioxide is non-corrosive to common materials of construction except zinc. The presence of moisture renders the environment corrosive. 

At later times, solar heat fluxes and convective heat transfer from the atmosphere become important. For a spill onto an insulated dike floor these fluxes may be the only energy contributions. This approach seems to work adequately for liquefied natural gas (LNG) and perhaps for ethane and ethylene. The higher hydrocarbons (C3 and above) require a more detailed heat transfer mechanism. This model also neglects possible water freezing effects in the ground, which can significantly alter the heat transfer behavior. More details on boiling pools is provided elsewhere.19... 

Exposure of the eyes to liquid sulfur dioxide from pressurized containers causes corneal burns and opacification resulting in a loss of vision. The liquid on the skin produces skin burns from the freezing effect of rapid evaporation. ... 

So what happens when the flat surfaces of two ice cubes are held together The thin liquid films are no longer on a surface. Sandwiched between the two ice cubes this liquid film freezes effectively gluing the two ice cubes together. Lumps of snow are similarly glued together in the making of a snowball. Of... 

Freezing Effects on Food Quality, edited by Lester E. Jeremiah... 

Akers MJ, Milton N, Byrn SR, Nail SL. Glycine crystallization during freezing effects of salt form, pH, and ionic strength. Pharm Res 1995 12 1457-1461. 

Caution Sulfur dioxide gas is intensely irritating to the eyes, throat, and upper respiratory system. Liquid sulfur dioxide may cause skin burns, which result from the freezing effect of the liquid on tissue. Safety precautions to be observed in handling the material are specified in Pamphlet G-3 published by the Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, Fifth Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923. 

No irritant effects from high concentrations in gaseous form. When compressed to Uquid form, can cause skin burns from freezing effects of rapid evaporation on tissue. Questionable carcinogen. Flammable gas and very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Under unusual conditions, i.e., 955 atm pressure and 327°C,... 

Ice plays a role in ocean volume because freezing effectively removes water from the ocean, causing water levels to drop and the coasdines to widen. During each major ice age, the ocean contained less water than it does at the present time. When so much water disappeared into ice, continents were wider and shorelines extended far past their present-day borders. 

Skrede, G. 1996. Fruits, in Freezing Effects on Food Quality, ed., L.E. Jeremiah, New York Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 183-245. 

CANO M P (1996), Vegetables , in Jeremian L E, Freezing Effects on Food Quality, New York, Marcel Dekker Inc,. 

Fuchigami, M., Kato, N., and Teramoto, A. 1997b. High pressure freezing effects on textural quality of carrots. Journal of Food Science 62 804—808. 

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