Extrusion test

The same two blends as in the extrusion tests were injection molded at two different melt temperatures with an Engel ES 200/40 injection molding machine (Table 1). Prior to the injection molding the blends were dried overnight at 80°C. 

Mechanical properties of hydrogenated titanium alloys are strongly dependent on the applied stress tensor, especially on its hydrostatic component. This was illustrated by the high-pressure tensile and extrusion tests on the Ti-6Al-2.5Mo-2Cr alloy and the same alloy hydrogenated to a = 0.15 wt.%H. Tests were carried out using the apparatus at the Institute of Metal Physics UD RAS operating at hydrostatic pressures of machine oil to 15 kbax and temperatures to 250°C. 

TABLE 2. Recovery Test and Extrusion Testing Results for Selected... 

Figure H2.2.3 A force/deformation curve illustrating a compression-extrusion test (10 mm/min deformation rate) for canned green peas using a Kramer shear cell (multiblade) at room temperature.

For the back extrusion test, select a desired deformation rate. 

Finally, compression-extrusion testing involves an extrusion cell commonly used for weakly structured, homogeneous food products. This apparatus consists of a piston that is forced into a cylinder open at one end and containing the product (Figure H2.2.5). Beyond the point of rupture of the food, the compressed material is forced to flow back through the annular space between the piston and the cylinder (Bourne, 1976 Edwards, 1999). The gap between the piston and the cylinder is called the annulus (Bourne, 1982). Variation in the annulus width results in variation in the force required for extrusion (Bourne, 1982). 

Fig. 7. Predicted topographic plot of xylan conversion (AX, %) with inoculum amount and moisture content. The ranges presented on the plot are ranges of xylan conversion predicted in each region. The diamond marks the conditions chosen for preparation of treated stems for the extrusion tests.

The viscosity of nonflowable products is determined by an extrusion test. A Semco 440 nozzle or its equivalent is attached to a standard adhesive/sealant cartridge filled with the material to be tested. The cartridge is then placed in an air-operated sealant gun set for a pressure of 90 to 95 psi. The weight of material that is extruded in 10 s is measured, and the extrusion rate is reported in grams per minute (g/min). Care must be taken to clear trapped air from the cartridge and nozzle. 

The primary textural property of fruits and vegetables is firmness (6). Three principles are used to measure firmness. 1) The puncture test measures the force required to push a probe into the product. 2) The extrusion test measures the force required to make the product flow through one or more slots or holes. 3) The deformation test measures the distance the product compresses under a small force. All three test principles are used on fresh produce, but only the first two (puncture and extrusion) are used on processed material (7). 

Figure 5. Basic extrusion test ofbaroplastic PEHAo,26-b-PSo.48-b-PEHAo,26 tU-block copolymer (P4) via a custom-made extruding mold .

Capillary rheometer extrusion tests were performed by monitoring the applied pressure and the extrudate appearance as a function of the deformation (shear) rate, for blends of the arborescent copolymers at 0.5% w/w with a commercial linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin. In all cases, the backpressure was reduced for the blends as compared to virgin LLDPE however, the performance of the arborescent additives was inferior to a commercial additive used for comparison. 

Wherever possible, full-thickness flat specimens were tested. However, this was not possible in the thicker plates, so wherever materials permitted, a 0.505-in.-diameter specimen was used. In some instances, round specimens with 0.250 or 0.357 in. diameters were used to conserve materials and to stay within the load capacity of the testing machines. For those thinner plates and the extrusion tested in the short-tratisverse direction, a special 0.125-in.-diameter specimen was used. 

Wherever possible, tensile tests were made both parallel and transverse to the rolling direction. In the extrusion, tests were also made in the short-transverse direction. Welds were tested transverse to the weld bead, parallel to the rolling direction of the parent material. 

An extrusion test is carried out without de-airing, i.e. with the vacuum pump switched off. The dried or fired blank is stored in water within a desiccator at room temperature. When the atmospheric pressure in the desiccator is lowered down to approx. < 100 mbar, an air bubble formation can be observed rising from the blank revealing the pattern of the lamination. 

The friction factor resulting from a certain tribological system can be determined by means of the double cup extrusion test. The plastic... 

Figure 1. Running die swell data from extrusion tests.

A very large number of proprietary plating materials and plating processes are avaiiable today. Without exception, the claims made by the supplier of the proprietary plating are quite impressive. Unfortunately, these claims are rarely based on long-term extrusion tests. Thus, one has to be quite cautious in selecting a proprietary plating. 

Note that the low shear rate Mooney viscosity test does not show any advantage, and indeed in this instance suggests the reverse yet in a Mgh-shear high-speed extrusion test through a 2 mm diameter die obvious advantages are apparent for the process aid. 

Table 3.1 Screen pack extrusion test for agglomerates on four materials ...

Note Optimization = 3 factor, 2,2 and 2-level fiill factorial design—8 compounds and experiments. Responses (properties) to be measured ASTM reference oil resistance, 70 h at 150°C hexane resistance to simulate light hydrocaibons, 70 h at room temperature O-Ring compression set, 1008 h at 150°C pressure extrusion test in simulated application gland. 

API Extrusion Test on Various Elastomer Compounds from Table 16A.1... 

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