Extruders Brabender

Shaping of the V-Al oxide precursor was carried out using a laboratory single screw extruder (Brabender). Prior to extrusion, a paste was prepared in a... 

Processing Into blown films The films (thickness oa. 30 W m/ width 20 cm) wore produced using an extruder (Brabender 20 mm ) under the following conditions barrel temperature 200 - 230 0/ die temperature 230 0/ extruding rate oa. 20 g/min/ air cooling at room temperature. 

PP/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a corotating intermeshing twin screw extruder Brabender DSE 20 (screw diameter... 

In preliminary tests, melt mixed blends of PP and LCP were processed at six different temperatures (Tcyi 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, and 280°C) with a Brabender Plasti-Corder PLE 651 laboratory single-screw extruder. The measured melt temperatures were about 10°C higher than the cylinder temperatures (Tcyi). The objective was to study the influence of temperature on the size and shape of the dispersed LCP phase. Two different polypropylenes were used to ascertain the effect of the viscosity of the matrix on the final morphology. Different draw ratios were obtained by varying the speed of the take-up machine. 

The blends prepared by twin-screw extruder with two different draw ratios were extruded with the Brabender single-screw extruder at temperatures ranging from 180 280°C, The sample designation and specific processing conditions are given in Table 1. 

Most of the compounds were extrusion compounded in a conical, partially intermeshing, counter rotating twin screw extruder (Haake Reomix TW-lOO). The extruder speed was set at 50 rpm and the barrel temperature profile was set to produce a melt temperature of 260°C at the die. Samples were injection molded in a 31.8 MT Battenfeld press with a 59 cc shot size. Where noted, samples were compounded in a 60 cc Brabender internal mixer and compression molded. 

Plastics. The plastic films used in this study were prepared by the Otey semi-dry method (3), and were formulated to contain (dry weight basis) 40% starch, 45% poly(ethylcne-co-acrylie acid) (EAA), 15% urea (starch/EAA plastic) or 40% starch, 25% EAA, 25% low density polyethylene (PE), 10% urea (starch/PE/EAA plastic). Films were blown with a Brabender Plasticorder extruder as described in detail elsewhere (3). 

The mastication equipment most commonly employed is standard rubber instrumentation such as roll mills, internal mixers, extruders or laboratory devices modeled on them (e.g., a single-rotor internal masticator described by Wilson and Watson (43), die model improved by Kargin and coworkers (11) and the Brabender plastograph). 

For gel processing, the components, UHMWPE, optionally filler, processing oil, and lubricant are mixed. The components are preferably mixed in a continuous fashion, e.g., in a twin-screw extruder or a Brabender extruder, or a screw extruder with a blown film die. After mixing, the mixture is shaped. Shaping will depend upon the... 

To evaluate extensively the processability of PVC/EPR and to compare it with that of PVC having roughly the same molecular weight, we carried out a set of measurements by a capillary extrusion rheometer and Brabender plastograph. Other runs were carried out by an industrial size extruder. 

Extruded Model System. For this investigation, 100 parts zein, 40 parts corn amylopectin and 5 parts corn oil were blended thoroughly, and water was added at 307. of the total dry weight. Volatiles collected from extruded samples of this model system were compared to volatiles from the same system heated in an oven for 30 minutes at 120°C or 180°C and to volatiles from extruded samples of zein with 30% added water. The extruded samples were prepared on a C. W. Brabender single-screw extruder, type 2003, with a barrel diameter of 1.9 cm and an L/D ratio of 20 1. The first heating zone of the barrel was held at 60°C, and the second was set at either 120°C or 165°C. The die diameter was 6.5 cm. 

Checks on raw material sometimes are made by using a small single-screw extruder as a rheometer, or a test machine designed for the purpose—such as a Brabender Plastograph (a device for measuring torque, which may be attached for the purpose to a small extruder). 

The apparatus used for the first tests included a 3/4-inch diameter, 20 1 L/D laboratory extruder. The second series of evaluations was run on a Brabender torque rheometer equipped with mixing head. The third tests utilized large scale processing equipment including a two-roll,... 

Extruded compounded pellets were converted into strips (1 in. X 0.05 in.) using a % in. Brabender laboratory extruder. ASTM-D 638 Type I 0.05 0.005 in. tensile specimens were tensile cut from the extruded strips. Extrusion conditions used were typical for this class of materials. Extrusion take-off rates were controlled to minimize orientation in the extruded strips. Annealing experiments showed shrinkage to be approximately 2% in the longitudinal direction. 

Compounds with 2% to 10% (vol.) filler and an antioxidant additive (Irganox N225 0.2wt%) were prepared with a twin screw extruder (ZSK), at a temperature of 190°C. In case of silica, a first compound was prepared with a high shear mixer (Brabender) before extrusion, to obtain a good dispersion. 

In addition to the torsion plastograph mentioned above, a number of other methods are used for appraising the properties of plastic bodies in practice. Plastic strength (rigidity) is determined by means of the Rebinder penetrometer which measures the depth of penetration of a cone forced into the body under constant load. The respective quantity is related to yield point. The commercial Brabender plastograph measures the resistance of mixture to kneading. The extrusion viscometer, from which the material is extruded under pressure, is analogous to flow-out viscometers. 

The reaction is done in equipment such as a Brabender Plasticorder or extruder it can be a batch or a continuous process. Maleic anhydride is dissolved in styrene at 60°C, and the solution (still at 60°C) is injected into the molten polymer which is being fluxed or mixed at the desired temperature. Since the polymerization and grafting reactions are just about instantaneous, no reaction time is needed after monomer addition is finished. 

The composites were processed on the Brabender laboratory extruder. The OIT was measured at 190°C. The OIT values show the resistance of the material to oxidation The higher the OIT, the higher the resistance. The amount of Biodac was 28% in all cases. The amount of rice hulls and sawdust was 32% in all the cases. The amount of HDPE was 40% in all the cases. 

TABLE 3.23 Effect of rice hulls and Biodac on the OIT (at 190°C) of an HDPE, processed on the Brabender laboratory extruder... 

The effect of PP and PE ratios has been studied earlier (45 7) when itaconic acid (lA) was grafted to their blends containing L-101 peroxide as the initiator. Grafting was done in the extruder reactor assembled on the base of Brabender plastograph (Duisburg, Germany) equipped with the dynamic mixer (48,49). 

The results reported in this paper are characteristic not only of grafting of lA onto PP/PE blends carried out in the Brabender plastograph equipped with a dynamic mixer, but also of lA grafting performed in reactors of other types, particularly in a single-screw extruder. 

Commercial instruments are available the Brabender Plastograph, and Plasticorder, this latter allowing use of an extruder head the RAPRA variable torque rheometer [5]. The advantages of these instruments are based on the similarity of their action to full-scale extrusion equipment and on the fact that they can be operated at shear rates appropriate for factory equipment. But because of the difficulty of matching exactly the range of shear rates which exist in full-scale plant, successful scaling-up is difficult. Elongation flow measurements have been reported by several workers, in which a sample is stretched in uniaxial tension at a constant strain rate [6]. 

Various measured quantities such as pressure, torque Brabender measuring extruder, Haake ESM Average to high, subject to instrument High Simulation of the extmsion process... 

The polymers, whose characteristics are summarized in Table 1, were melt mixed in a Brabender-like apparatus at 200 C and at two residence times 6 min, at 2 r.p.m. and further 10 min. at 32 r.p.m. The blend compositions are listed in Table 2. After premixing, cylindrical specimens were obtained directly by extrusion using a melting-elastic miniextruder (CSI max mixing extruder mod. CS-194), Thermal and tensile mechanical tests were performed on these specimens by an Instron Machine (mod. 1122) at room temperature and at cross-head speed of 10 mm/min. Also made were morphological studies by optical microscopy of sections microtomed from tensile samples and scanning electron microscopy of fractured surfaces of samples broken at liquid nitrogen temperature. Further details on the experimental procedures and on the techniques used are reported elsewhere . 

A counter-rotating, fully intermeshing twin-screw extruder (model 2008 C. W. Brabender Instruments Inc.) was used to extrude a series of commercially prepared masterbatch samples. The extruder was equipped with three heating zones two located in the barrel and one in the die. 

The device is made up of a heated mixing head containing a pair of sigmashaped blades that are driven by a dynamometer run at a controlled speed. This test provides very accurate and useful data for the processor. The Brabender test also is used with many other materials, principally TPs, for controlling materials used in many different processes. For decades it has been used to evaluate PVC for extruders, calendering, and so on. 

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